i6o 



Still other Alaskan glaciers, in portions of the territory 

 frequently shaken by severe earthquakes, have had earlier 

 periods of unusual activity and advance within historic 

 times. Some of these are listed below and there are doubt- 

 less many others. For each of these the hypothesis may 

 be considered that earthquake avalanching during one or 

 another of the great periods of seismic distubrance may 

 have caused the advance, or that some of the advances 

 may have been due to climatic variations and others to 

 earthquakes. The lists shows clearly that the series of great 

 glacial advances in the Yakutat Bay region since 1899 is 

 not exceptional and that the relationship of earthquakes 

 to variations of glaciers may be one common, not only in 

 Alaska, but elsewhere in the world as well. 



Glacier. 



Year of 

 activity. 



Amount 



of 

 advance. 



Described by. 



In Lituya bay 



In Lituya bay 



Brady 



Portage 



Baker 



Betw'n 1786 



and 1894. 

 Betw'n 1786 



and 1894. 

 Betw'n 1794 



and 1880. 

 Betw'n 1794 



and 1880. 



Before 1800 . 



2% miles (4 



km.) 

 3 miles (4.8 



km.) 

 5 miles (8 



km.) 

 1 to 3 miles 

 (1.6 to4.8 

 km.) 



Otto Klotz. 

 Otto Klotz. 

 John Muir. 

 Lawrence Martin. 



Lawrence Martin. 



Serpentine 



Toboggan 



Western Malaspina . . 



Serpentine 



Western Malaspina 

 (Guyot) 



Before 181 7 . 

 Before 1840 . 





Lawrence Martin. 





Lawrence Martin. 



Betw'n 1837 

 and 1880. 



Before 1882 . 



About 20 

 miles (32 

 km.) 



Lawrence Martin. 

 Lawrence Martin. 



1886-1888. .. 

 Probably be- 

 fore 1887. 

 Before 1889 . 





H. W. Seton-Karr. 



Nellie Juan 



Toboggan 



Baker 



U. S. Grant. 





Lawrence Martin. 



Before 1891 . 





Lawrence Martin. 



Eastern Malaspina 



Muir 



Before 1891 . 



Before 1890 



and 1892. 

 1891 



Over 1 ,500 

 ft. (450m.) 

 300 yards 

 (270 m.) 



I. C. Russell. 

 H. F. Reid. 



Fredericka 



C. W. Hayes. 



Patterson 



1891 . . 





H. F. Reid. 



Columbia 



About 1892. . 



1895 



About 1897 

 1808 





G. K. Gilbert. 



La Perouse 



G. K. Gilbert. 



Columbia 



G. K. Gilbert. 



Barrv 





Lawrence Martin. 



