235 



same vegetable organic remains. With these pebbles and 

 boulders are associated a few from the rocks still lower down 

 (pre-Millstone Grit). The whole are inclosed in a matrix 

 of the same mineral character, constituting an argillo- 

 arenaceous cement, which is also calcareous, and in the 

 interstices of the boulders and pebbles is often observed a 

 network of white calc-spar aiding to keep them together. 

 There are interstratified in the rock, bands, from a few 

 inches to several feet in thickness, of fine red sandstone and 



red shale, which serve to give assurance of the dip 



From a point a short distance above the bridge, to one much 

 farther below, these conglomerates have a breadth of very 

 nearly a mile, with a dip, which on the average is N. 3°- 

 13° W., with a slope gradually diminishing from 50 °in the 

 low^er to about 30° in the upper part, and giving a total 

 thickness of about 1,600 feet (490 m.)". 



Along the bank of East river, the strata conformably 

 overlying the New Glasgow Conglomerate are imperfectly 

 exposed. On the west shore beyond a short concealed 

 interval, occur fine-grained, pale yellow sandstones dipping 

 northward at an angle of about 10°. On the east bank a bed 

 of limestone outcrops that apparently occupies a place in 

 the section intermediate between the conglomerates and 

 the above mentioned pale coloured sandstones. About 

 3 miles (4-8 km.) to the east a similar limestone directly 

 overlies the conglomerate and is succeeded by shales with 

 a thin seam of coal. On the east shores of the river com- 

 mencing at a place about 1,500 feet (450 m.) north of the 

 conglomerate, where the shore bends to the east, and then 

 northward to the mouth of Smelt brook, are exposures of 

 sandstones and shales. 



A generalized description of the overlying series has been 

 given by Dawson [5] and is as follows: — 



' I the conglomerate is succeeded in ascending order by a grey con- 

 cretionary limestone 20 feet (6 m.) thick, associated with sandstone and shale, and 

 containing in some layers great number of the Spirorbis which I have described as S, 

 arietiniis. 



2. Above this is a series of black shales and underclays with grey sandstones and 

 some reddish and purple shales, and thin seams of bituminous shale and coal. These 

 beds contain Stigmariae, Lepidodendra, Entomostracans, and fish remains; the 

 fossils and the mineral character of the beds alike corresponding with those seen in 

 the upper part of the Coal Measures south of the conglomerate. The thickness of 

 these beds is about 400 feet (120 m.). 



3. This series is succeeded by a thick grey sandstone holding Calamites, Cala- 

 modendron, trunks with aerial roots, etc., 30 to 50 feet (9 to is m.) thick. This 

 appears at the mouth of Smelt Brook, and in several quarries to the eastward of that 

 place. 



4. Above this is a second series of dark shales and underclays, and bituminous 

 shales associated with grey sandstones, and containing fossils similar to those of the 



