242 



Miles and 

 Kilometres. 



80 -2 m. Mulgrave Station — Mulgrave station is 



129-1 km. situated on the western shore of Canso strait 

 which separates the island of Cape Breton from 

 the mainland. At this point the straits are 

 about three-quarters of a mile (i-2 km.) wide. 

 A ferry transports the trains across the straits 

 to Point Tupper on Cape Breton island. 

 80-9 m. Point Tupper Station — The island of Cape 



130- 1 km. Breton has an area of about 3,600 square miles 

 (9,360 sq. km.). About one half of the area of 

 the island is underlain by Carboniferous mea- 

 sures while the remainder is occupied by Pre- 

 Cambrian strata with minor areas of Riversdale- 

 Union and Cambrian beds. The Pre-Cambrian 

 rocks in general form upland areas rising to 

 heights of from 500 feet to 1,500 feet (150 m. to 

 450 m.) above the sea. The Carboniferous 

 strata occupy low-lying areas surrounding and 

 penetrating the detached Pre-Cambrian up- 

 lands. The railway from Point Tupper to 

 Sydney, follows in the main, a series of valleys 

 in the Carboniferous areas but in places crosses 

 low-lying areas of Cambrian and Pre-Cambrian 

 rocks. 

 127- 1 m. Grand Narrows Station — Just before reach- 

 204-5 km. ing Grand Narrows station the railway crosses 

 Barra strait which connects Bras d'Or and Little 

 Bras d'Or lakes. These two salt-water lakes 

 are directly connected with the sea and, extend- 

 ing inland in a southeasterly direction, almost 

 completely divide Cape Breton into two islands. 

 172-0 m. Sydney. 

 276-8 km. 



SYDNEY COAL FIELD.* 



INTRODUCTION. 



(G. A. Young.) 



The name, Sydney coal field, is applied to the area of 

 Carboniferous strata fringing the northeastern coast of 

 Cape Breton for above 30 miles (48 km.) from Cape 



*See Map — Sydney Coal Field . 



