328 



New Brunswick, across the bay from the Joggins, in the 

 form of Shepody mountain, which rises to an elevation of 

 1,050 feet (320 m.). 



Yet, properly, this Cumberland lowland is but a portion 

 of a much more extensive Carboniferous lowland of eastern 

 Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, whose surface is broadly 

 characterized by its truncation and disregard of underlying 

 structure, thus constituting a part of a true peneplaned 

 surface which has been referred by Daly to the Tertiary 

 epoch. 



The Cobequid upland is a higher residual plateau surface 

 representing a remnant of a once extensive and continuous 

 uplifted older peneplain, whose several surviving portions 

 now form the Cobequid upland, the Southern plateau of 

 Nova Scotia, and the Caledonian and neighboring highlands 

 of New Brunswick. Daly has correlated this higher 

 peneplain surface with the Cretaceous peneplain of New 

 England, and it has suffered in like manner a southeasterly 

 tilting movement, so that the elevations progressively 

 increase to the northwest. The Cumberland lowland is 

 then, on this theory, but a portion of a local peneplain 

 carved in Tertiary time in the softer Carboniferous rocks 

 of an elevated and warped Cretaceous peneplain. The 

 Cobequids might then be considered as a residual mass of 

 the Unakian type. 



Late Tertiary history has been expressed by oscillatory 

 vertical movements of lesser amount, resulting in the 

 dissection, below the general surface of the lowland, of 

 narrow valle^^s whose mouths have subsequently been 

 drowned and converted into tidal estuaries. Tidal deposi- 

 tion, resulting in the aggradation of wide fertile fiats of 

 marsh along the upper reaches of the Bay of Fundy, has 

 been, aside from glacial action, the most recent and 

 conspicuous process, and one whose activity and effects 

 may still be observed in this region. 



GENERAL GEOLOGY. 



The pre-Carboniferous rocks of the Cumberland area 

 are confined to the region of the Cobequid upland, and 

 consist of folded and metamorphosed early Palaeozoic and 

 Pre-Cambrian (?) sediments, intruded by Pre-Cambrian (?) 

 and Palaeozoic plutonic and volcanic masses, the whole being 

 known as the Cobequid series. Sufficiently detailed work 



