332 



a sandstone and shale division of terrestrial origin, -"'ith 

 plant remains and productive coal seams, forming the 

 typical Joggins formation; and lastly (e) an upper con- 

 glomeratic division also of terrestrial origin, comprising 

 the Shulie formation. A brief description of each formation 

 is given below. 



LOWER PART OF SECTION: TO LOWER COVE. 



Windsor formation. — Below the Joggins section, in the 

 axial region of the Minudie anticlinorium, near Minudie, 

 there may be seen at low tide some 50 feet (15 m.) or more 

 of black and nodular limestone, associated with red and 

 green shales and calcareous sandstones. The calcareous 

 beds carry a scanty fauna related to that of the upper 

 limestone at Windsor, of Mississippian age. The extension 

 of these beds at Nappan and across the bay in New Bruns- 

 wick is associated with a thick zone of gypsum, but this 

 mineral is concealed in the low area below the Joggins 

 section. Lying conformably above these definitely marine 

 beds, there are upwards of 2,000 feet (610 m.) of barren, 

 brick red, arenaceous and argillaceous shales, of which the 

 upper 966 feet (299-4 m.) are well exposed at the base of 

 the Joggin section. These soft red beds underlie a belt of 

 low country about 2| miles (4-2 km.) in width, striking in 

 an easterly direction from Cumberland bay to the river 

 Hebert. The shales contain abundant flakes of mica, and 

 from their rippled, mud-cracked and cross-bedded character 

 are believed to be the deposits of a receding Mississippian 

 sea and are hence included in the Windsor formation. 



A greater development of the beds is exposed across the 

 bay in New Brunswick where the upper deposits are 

 distinctively calcareous, the lime occurring in the form of 

 thin beds, seemingly of chemical deposition, or as numerous 

 concretions in bright red shales and conglomerates. These 

 rocks dip uniformly about 27° southward. 



Fost-Mississippian unconformity. — Post - Mississippian 

 orogenic movements followed by uplift and erosion 

 before the deposition of the Pennsylvanian rocks, are 

 marked in many areas of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick 

 by erosional unconformities. At the Joggins section, 

 however, the unconformity is accordant, and is therefore 

 distinguished by the term disconformity. It occurs at the 



