342 



old land. For, whereas the pebbles north of Shulie are in 

 general less than 2 inches in diameter, those in the Apple 

 River conglomerate frequently exceed 12 inches. The 

 presence of a considerable percentage of sandstone and 

 shale pebbles of Pennsylvanian aspect is additional evidence 

 in support of a renewed activity of erosion in the Cobequid 

 area in Upper Pennsylvanian time. But corroborative 

 evidence is also found in the structures of the beds them- 

 selves, not only in their unsorted and uneven characters, 

 but in the appearance of the bedding plane of the pebbly 

 sandstones or conglomerates. These show a markedly 

 uneven surface in the presence of great ripples or more 

 properly crests and hollows of a flow and plunge structure. 

 The distance from crest to crest frequently exceeds 10 

 feet (3 m.) while the furrows may be several feet in depth. 



As some beds of the Joggins formation have been stated to 

 have passed over at least a portion of the Cobequids it seems 

 necessary to explain these phenomena by a renewed uplift 

 and erosion of the Cobequid area in post-Joggins time. 

 The continuity of the sedimentation in the central areas 

 of the Cumberland basin seems not to have been disturbed, 

 but an unconformity or disconformity, representing a great 

 time interval, must exist in the borderland of the Cobequids 

 at Spicer's cove as apparently only the basal members of 

 the Joggins formation are there preserved. 



Shulie formation. — The main characters of the Shulie 

 formation have been stated above. The flora is meagerly 

 represented by large calcified drift trunks of Dadoxylon 

 materiarium Dn., and of drift fragments of Calamites 

 suckovi Bron., C. cistii Bran., Calamodendron approx- 

 imatum Dn., Lepidodendron undulatum Gutbier, Lepido- 

 phloios parvus Dn., Lepidophyllum lanceolatum Lindley 

 and Hutton, L. trinerve Dn., erect Calamites, erect 

 Sigillarice? , erect conifers (Dadoxylon?) , Sphenopteris 

 hymemophylloides Bron., Alethopteris lonchitica (Sternb.), 

 Cyclopteris heterophylla? Dn., Beinertia goepperti Dn. 



The above flora is, according to Dawson, distinct in 

 assemblage of forms from the preceding floras of the Boss 

 Point and Joggins formations, though still retaining per- 

 sistent types, such as Alethopteris lonchitica (Sternb.), 

 Calamites suckovi Bron., and C. cistii Bron. It suggests, 

 however, as stated by Dawson, Upper Pennsylvanian 

 time, and not Permian, as Lepidodendra and Sigillaria 

 still hold a prominent position. 



