396 

 ANNOTATED GUIDE. 



ST. JOHN TO GRAND FALLS. 



(G. A. Young.) 



Miles and 

 Kilometres 



o m. St. John — From St. John city, the Canadian 



o km. Pacific railway runs northward for about 15 



miles (24 km.) along the western side of the 

 lower St. John, traversing in this distance a 

 region underlain almost entirely by Pre- 

 Cambrian strata. Leaving the St. John valley, 

 the railroad strikes northwestward across a 

 broken hilly country occupied by Silurian and 

 older strata and large batholithic areas of granite. 

 At a distance of about 20 miles (32 km.) from 

 the St. John valley, the railway crosses the 

 southern border of the Carboniferous area 

 which, terminating not many miles to the west, 

 extends in a northeasterly direction for more 

 than 150 miles (240 km.). Crossing the compara- 

 tively narrow southwestern extension of the 

 Carboniferous area, the railway enters a second 

 area of Silurian and older rocks penetrated by 

 large bodies of granite. This broad belt of 

 strata extends in a northeasterly direction 

 across the province. The railway crosses it 

 in a northerly direction and near its northwestern 

 boundary descends into the valley of the St. 

 John river at Woodstock which is situated on 

 the west bank of the river. 



135-1 m. Woodstock — Alt. 136 ft. (41 •4 m.). At Wood- 

 217-4 km. stock and for many miles to the north, the St. 

 John river is a broad, swift-flowing stream in 

 places occupying nearly the whole width of 

 the valley bottom, in other places bordered 

 on one side by a flat in some cases nearly one 

 mile (i-6 km.) wide. Everywhere the valley 

 walls rise steeply and the general level of the 

 country on both sides has an average altitude 

 of between 500 and 600 feet, (150 and 180 m.). 

 On the western side of the river, the country is 

 plateau-like, while on the eastern side, many 



