399 



^^^mlfres Five miles (8 km.) above Ortonville station, 



the raihvay leaves the river side and commences 

 to ascend the side of the stream valley. 



207-7 m. Grand Falls Station — Alt. 507 it. (154-5 m.j. 



344 km. 



GRAND FALLS, ST. JOHN RIVER.* 



(G. A. Young.) 



INTRODUCTION. 



The St. John river both above and below Grand Falls, 

 flows in a broad pronounced valley which in the neighbor- 

 hood of Grand Falls gradually bends from a general south- 

 easterly course above to a more nearly due south course 

 below. Above Grand Falls, the St. John valley is probably 

 in many places 5 to 10 miles (8 to 16 km.) wide and for a 

 distance of about 35 miles (56 km.), the river current is 

 comparatively feeble and the banks of the river low. 

 Below Grand Falls, the river valley is narrower, the current 

 swift and the stream in many places is bordered by steep 

 banks 50 to 175 feet (15 to 50 m.) high. Both above 

 and below Grand Falls, the St. John is bordered by river 

 terraces but these are much more markedly developed 

 below Grand Falls than above. 



At Grand Falls the St. John river abruptly diverges 

 from its general southerly course and swings easterly through 

 a semi-circular course having a radius of about 2,000 feet 

 (600 m.). In this abrupt bend of the river, the waters 

 pour over a vertical fall of about 60 feet (18-3 m.) and, in 

 a deep canyon beyond, descend in a series of cascades and 

 rapids a further vertical distance of about 55 feet (17-7 m.) ; 

 the total drop in this part of the river being 115 feet (30 m.). 

 The abrupt bend in the river, the falls, the deep canyon, 

 etc., all very obviously indicate that this portion of the 

 river channel is of comparatively recent age, and the 

 position of the old channel, now at least partially filled 

 with bedded sands and gravels, is shewn in the banks of 



*See Map, Grand Falls. 



