1840.] from Bactrian and Indo- Scythian coins, 667 



hammer, short Greek legend. Reverse, Ardhanari, holding 

 in his right hand a long trident, in the left the discus and 

 pasa of Siva ; the complete native legend.* The same reverse ; 

 the bust facing the right. f 



Lastly, the king on a carriage with two horses ; over the 

 shoulder the club, in no proportion with the charioteer ; the short 

 Greek legend. Reverse, Ardhanari with the native legend. J 



As copper coins of Kadphises are dug out even near Benares, § 

 he must have reigned from Beghram to a great distance in 

 India Proper. The execution of these coins is indeed still 

 Greek, but whenever the worship of Siva is represented, the 

 types have become purely Indian. This worship first appears, 

 though not frequently, with Azes, is exclusive with Kadphises, 

 and is joined by the Kanerkis with Bactrian gods, who have 

 the same monogram with Kadphises, and are found together 

 with his coins. II There is scarcely any doubt, that Kadphises 

 was a near predecessor of the Kanerkis. His relation to Kada- 

 phes is more obscure. It is clear, that Kadphises has some 

 reference to him, save that the former is more ancient, because 

 he is immediately connected with Hermaios. This king (or 

 the last of his name) was limited to Beghram, and this must 

 have been the principal seat of Kadaphes, though his domi- 

 nions were of further extent. Now it is a singular fact, that 

 according to the Chinese accounts, the ancient (Scythian) 

 empire of Gandhara was situated in Kiapiche (Capissa), and 

 therefore just beyond Beghram, while the native legend ex- 

 presses the name Kadphises by Kapisa; this is accordingly 

 the name of the country in the form of pronunciation 

 delivered to the Greeks and Chinese, which name, however, 

 appears to be an absorption from Kadphisa. If the name 

 however be a geographical determination, a new enigma 

 is given, and Uhavima must be understood in this case 



• R. R. I. No. 22. From Cabul in a tope. R. R. I. 28. II. 4. 56. J, des 

 Sav. p. 390. 



t As. Trans. IV. pi. XXXVIII. 4, No. 2, 3. 

 X The same No. 1. 

 § As. Trans, p. 631. 

 il As. Trans. IV. 631. 



4u 



