1840.] from Bactrian and Indo-Scythian coins, 755 



Still we must here keep in view, that the alphabet on the 

 coins, if indeed derived from the west, must have been im- 

 ported to Cabul through Candahar and Drangiana, as it did not 

 come to Cabul through Herat and Bactria. Besides this how- 

 ever Antimachos and Antialkides may have imitated the exam- 

 ple of Eukratides. 



The Greco-Indian empire of Menandros must have existed 

 longer. The number of the names Menandros, ApoUodotos, 

 Diomedes, Agathokleia, Hermaios, renders the assumption neces- 

 sary, I have proved it probable that this line of kings was 

 not encroached upon by the Parthians. The last coins, those 

 of Hermaios, refer to the very same time, when expeditions 

 against the Soter-dynasty may have been first planned by the 

 Scythians. The widely extended empire of Menandros seems 

 under Hermaios to have been limited to Beghram ; Menandros 

 must have possessed a kingdom eastward of Cabul, if Antial- 

 kides, as it appears, ruled then immediately after Eukratides. 

 It would be, however, too bold to determine any thing concern- 

 ing the mutual contests of these powers. 



From the great number of the Hermaios coins, it is not im- 

 probable, that he either himself reigned long at Beghram, 

 or that his dynasty continued there at least for some time ; 

 in the mountain country, easily defended, a smaller kingdom 

 might maintain itself with more ease for a longer time. If 

 the relation Kadaphes holds towards Hermaios be correctly 

 stated, the Grecian dominion was here overthrown by an attack 

 from the north, i.e. from the country of Kapisa ; the power of 

 Kadaphes itself, however, appears to have been of no great im- 

 portance or long duration. A greater Indo-Scythian kingdom, 

 as for instance that of Azes, may have absorbed it. 



§18. 



The Saces, the Tochares, and Parthians in Cabul and India. 



We have above left the Saces in the country Kipin, where 

 they settled themselves, about the year 126 b. c, while the To- 

 chares, following them, roamed throughout Bactria, from whence 



