1840.] Historical Geography of Hindustan, ^c. 857 



India, dedicated to Helios, or the sun, and which was permitted to escape 

 destruction, on three times the value of its precious things having been 

 given to the Mohamedan conqueror Hijaj-bin Yusuf, was no other than the 

 Buddhaist temple of Multan, called " the happy house of gold." 



J^jJ ^644 ^^® communication, between India and Persia, which had 

 existed from the earliest times, was not interrupted till the twenty- 

 third year of the Hijira when the followers of Mohammed, having sub- 

 dued the province of Khorasan, and countries west of the Indus, be- 

 came masters of the pastoral tribes in that quarter.* The intercourse of 

 the Hindus with the aborigines on the north of India, was not finally 



A. D. 675. closed until thirty years after, when the Tartars of the north-west 

 were forced to submit their necks to the yoke of Islam. The subsequent 

 wars and aggressions of the Mohammedans, to the north-east, drove these 

 nomades to the south, some of whom having conformed to the institution 

 of caste, and other gods of the Brahminical Panthaeon, gave rise to a 

 modification of their then Buddhaist tenets, which is now known under the 

 name of the Jaina religion. This had its origin, as would appear, when 

 the rival sects of Buddha and Siva were striving for superiority in Hin- 

 dustan ; and arose from a union of the two systems endeavouring to 

 reconcile the more objectionable parts of the Buddhaist faith to the received 

 opinions of the orthodox Hindus. Brahmans, however, formed part of both 

 religions, and the inhabitants of the island of Bali distinguished them, in 

 the twelfth century, as the sects of Buddha and Siva.f The great influx 



A. D. 1166. towards the Dekhan and country south of the Narhada of those 

 professing the latter faith, about this time, will account for the migration of 

 the Buddhaists, or the Jaina sectaries of this faith, into the islands of the 

 Indian ocean. 



A Brahmanical invasion, from the north, is traditionally ascribed to a 

 prince named Mayura VermajJ who was the founder of the Kadumba, or 

 Karamma race of Rajputs. By the most consistent account he is placed 

 in the ninth century ; but flourished, probably somewhat later. The 

 greatest influx of Rajputs to the Dekhan happened, however, from the 

 beginning of the tenth to the end of the twelfth century, caused by 

 the conquest of Mahmud of Guzna, and his successors. 



The Jainas assert, that " in the time of Bijjala Raya, who ruled with 

 renown in the city of Kalayana,§ the Dakshen of Hindustan was conquered 



* Price's Mahomedan Annals, vol. i, p. 138. 



t Crawford on the people of Bali ; A. R. vol . xiv. 



X See Mayura Verma Cheritra in the Catalogue of the McKenzie collection vol. ii. 

 p. 95. 



§ It is generally called Kalyan, or Kayani ; and lies about fifty miles north of 

 Kulberga, in the Dekhan. 



