888 Lieut, Cunningham on Bactrian coins. [No. 105. 



both of which have the sound of the short « ^ of Sanskrit, which has 

 the exact pronunciation of the first syllable of the name of Undo- 

 pherras. Here I may notice that Undopherras, Spalurmas, and Abal- 

 gasas are not Greek names, and therefore we ought not to look for 

 the Bactrian Pali equivalents of the Greek letters used in expressing 

 their names ; but we should reverse the process, and seek for the 

 Grecian equivalents of the native characters : for the Greek names 

 vary on many of the coins of these later princes, while the native 

 names are always the same ; and this is more especially the case with 

 the coins of Spalurmas, which exhibit the different Greek versions of 

 Spalurion, Spalumon, and Palurman ; the last being found on an un- 

 published coin belonging to Captain Hutton, which wants only the 

 initial S to make the name perfect. The same letter which is found 

 initial in Agathoclea and in Undopherras, is here found medial ; and 

 by my discovery of its true value, I am able to correct the various cor- 

 rupted Greek versions by the native name, which remains always the 

 same. The characters are five, u "lip H Or, of which the first is an evi- 

 dent compound of n and t^ or sp ; the second letter is /; the fourth r ; 

 and the last m ; wherefore the third letter can only be w, used as the 

 initial of the latter half of the name, and thus the whole name becomes 

 clearly Spal-urma^ or with the Grecian termination Spalurmas, of which 

 the genitive would be Spalurmon ; and this last we may easily disco- 

 ver with but slight alterations in the different Greek versions. 



The turn at the foot of the initial letter in the name of Undopherras, 

 I suppose to represent n, making the initial syllable YN, for one foot 

 turn to the left is exactly the same as that which is found at the foot 

 of the initial letter in the names of Antimachus and Antialcidas, where 

 it unquestionably represents n. 



2nd. The second and fourth letters of the name of Undopherras are 

 the same, one of them being merely inflected. To this letter Mr, 

 Prinsep assigned the value of r, which is correct : but I am prepared 

 to show that it has also another value, and that it represents the cere- 

 bral ^</ of the Sanskrit, which is commonly pronounced ^J- As 

 an equivalent of d it is found on all the large round copper coins of 

 Apollodotus ; and also in the name of Diomedes, where it is initial and 

 inflected with the vowel ?, thus f Di, rendering the name of Diome- 

 des very satisfactorily as Diyamedasa 'PT.^^as ; hence we learn that 



