1006 Grammatical construction of the Ho language. [No. 106. 



to state something as an incontrovertible fact, as, " Kajee hereakiddai," 

 most assuredly he spoke. " Oodoob hereamen," speak positively. 



The causal form is rendered by putting *' chee" between the root and 

 terminal — as " landatea," to laughy makes " landacheetea" to cause to 

 laugh; ** aioomtea," to hear^ " aioomcheetea," to cause to hear, as in 

 Hindustani a is inserted (with a few exceptions) for the same purpose, 

 as Hunsna, Hunsana ; Soonna, Soonana, &c. 



Continuity (in the Imperative mood alone) is expressed by adding 

 " akdn" to the root, as " doobmen" sit down, " doobakanmen," remain 

 sitting ; " Ai'oom men," listen, *' Aioomakanmen," continue listening. 



Finally, the thoroughly performing an act, is often rendered by adding 

 the verb, " jometea," to eat, to the root of the expletive verb, as *' nel- 

 }oomkiddM^," we all saw it f thoroughly J ; "aioomjommen," listen f atten- 

 tively J ; " Geetee jom-meen," sleep f soundly J. And should the verb 

 be of a violent nature (referring to some violent act) the particle 

 *' tab" between the root and inflection gives force to the meaning, as 

 " Goitabkiddai," he slew him f outright J ; " Toltab kidalle," we hound him 

 (forthwith) ; " Neertabmen," Run (quickly) fly ! so *' Ooitea" is 

 to jump, and '' Ooitabtea," to hound (as a tiger.) 



Kd before the pronoun gives the verb a negative form, as has 

 been before explained in describing the Imperative mood. 



There is no verb " to have,'^ possession being denoted in the same 

 manner as in Hindustani, Ihave, " Eengtra minna" — " Mere pas hye." 



From the foregoing remarks may be gathered, that in the active or 

 transitive voice 



The present terminal is, " Tunna.'^ 



The past, " Kidda, tadda, lidda, kenna or keeaJ*^ 



In the Neuter Voice. 



The present terminal is, " akennar 



The past, *' iena or lena ;" 



In Either Voice. 



The conditional subjunctive, \ „ ^^^„ ^^ ., /^^^^ « 



or potential mood terminate in J 

 all these terminals being of course subject to the inflections of their 

 pronouns, which are, as has been said, as often affixed as prefixed. 



