1 100 Account of Khyrpoor and the Fortress of Bukur. [No. 107. 



good season cover their loss in a bad one. To the Rueeyuts both systems 

 are the same, and he must pay under all circumstances the full assessment. 

 In Khyrpoor he is often grievously oppressed by the farmer, who thus 

 indemnifies himself for sums extorted by the prince. The prince appoints 

 an officer, called a Darogha, to exercise a surveillance over the Izardar, and 

 examine his accounts. He usually receives a monthly stipend of thirty or 

 forty rupees, and it is through him that the prince ascertains the receipts 

 from a district, and regulates his demands against it the following year. 



Zumeendars hire labourers to till their lands, and let a portion of it 

 to tenants for rent or part of the produce, and they usually receive from 

 their landlord seed and agricultural implements. The lease seldom ex- 

 tends beyond a year, and the Zumeendar, after setting aside a third or a 

 fourth of the crop for government, divides the remainder into four parts, 

 three of which he gives to his tenant. The tenants often pay in kind 

 to the landlord, and he settles with the government in cash. In the 

 district of Syudabad of Moghulee, under Meer Roostum, they pay a third 

 of the crop to government, and a sixteenth to the landlord, but provide 

 seed and agricultural implements, and bear all charges of cultivation. 

 The prince also lets his land to tenants, and relinquishes half the crop to 

 them for the trouble and expense of cultivation. A similar system 

 obtains in a great part of France and Savoy. The Metayer of France pays 

 half the produce to the proprietor as rent. The proprietor supplies the 

 stock, the grain required for the first sowing, as well as for the support 

 of the Metayer and his family until the first harvest. The Metayer works, 

 sows, reaps ; and he and his family feed on the produce, after which the 

 proprietor gets the remainder, (see Revenue Trimestrielle for April, 1828.) 

 In the lowlands of Savoy the Granger (another word for Metayer) pays half 

 the produce of his farm to the proprietor, mostly in kind. 



There is a great deal of land in Khyrpoor subtracted from the revenues 

 ioxjaegeers to military chiefs and their followers. When the Talpoorees 

 conquered the country, they respected, as Asiatic princes usually do, 

 the sunnuds, or title deeds of sovereigns, who preceded them. There are 

 Suyuds, Puthans, and Moghuls in the purgunnah of Moghulee, who have 

 sunnuds granted by Ourungzeeb, Nadir Shah, and the kings of Kabul to 

 their ancestors, for services to the state, in virtue of which they pay only 

 a fourth of the crop and the whole of their ung is remitted. Persons of this 

 class without sunnuds, pay a half of the crop and half the established ung. 



Some families of Sindee Zumeendars in Khyrpoor, whose ancestors were 

 converted to Islamism ages ago by the Arabs, hold their estates rent free ; 

 a number of Suyuds enjoy the same immunity, and many more receive 

 pensions. Provision is also made for the Durgah, arid shrines of holy men, 



