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Professor R. Wettstein of Vienna University supported this view 

 (see his Handbuch der Systematischen Botanik, 3 Aufl. p. 552), but 

 Prof. V. KOMAROV of Leningrad took this as a mere variation of Salix 

 and thought that such characteristics of Chosenia will appear casually 

 in any one genus as Prof. Hayata alleged in his dynamic theory (Le 

 troisieme genre des Salicacees in Prof. Borodine's Memorial Papers, 

 1927). Dr. Hulten of Sweden ignored all characteristics of Chosenia 

 pointed out by the writer and looked it as a pure Salix (Flora 

 Kamtschatica II, 1928). In 1928, the writer described again (Bulletin 

 de la societe dendrologique de France no. 66) how Chosenia is dis- 

 tinguished from Salix and Populus and maintained his subfamily 

 Choseniece as he did before (Journal of the Arnold Arboretum IV, 

 1924). Not long ago, he had investigated Chosenia and made a 

 comparative study of it with groups of Salix and Populus. In this 

 investigation it was found the course of degeneration in the flowers 

 of Salix and also the relation in regard to the complete adherence of 

 the perianth and bracts dorsiventrally and the formation of bract-like 

 scale, and the writer was able to trace and ascertain the system of 

 Salicaceous plants. The description below indicates of what he has 

 observed. 



Populus. 



Bud is covered by several imbricated scales. Flowers anemophilous, 

 dioecious. Male flowers with one bract, one cupular or navicular 

 perianth, and 4-60 stamens arranged in 1-10 whorls. Female flowers 

 with one bract, one cup-like perianth, one one-celled ovary with 2-3 

 parietal placenta, which have generally several ovules, with short style 

 cleft into 2 or 3 stigmas. 



Chosenia. 



Bud has one scale with imbricated margins. Flowers anemophilous, 

 dioecious achlamydeous. Male flowers with one bract, 5 fascicled 

 stamens. Female flowers with one deciduous bract, one ovary composed 

 of 2 carpels, 2 distinct styles articulated imperfectly with stigmas 

 which are deciduous after flower, 2 placenta with 2 ovules each. 



