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from the category generally accepted in the vegetable kingdom. It 

 is logical that the metamorphosis had effected this family being trans- 

 formed to the deciduous-leaved form from the evergreens, and to the 

 oligandrous form from the polyandrous form. This is also proved 

 by the fact that polystemonous genus Populus is being anemophilous. 

 The inner perianth of Salix is metamorphosed to nectary, accordingly 

 its entomophily is secondary characteristic. In Populus the stigmas 

 are generally deciduous though they have no articulations with styles. 

 Chosenia and Salix sect. Urbanianas have also deciduous stigmas and 

 indicate their primordiality. Since Chosenia has anemophilous flowers, 

 it is more primordial than Salix sect. Urbaniance. As the pistils of 

 Populus, Chosenia, and Salix are composed of 2 (3) carpells the distinct 

 styles of Chosenia must be more primordial than the united styles of 

 Populus and Salix. On the other hand, the number of stamens of 

 Chosenia is regular. They are always five. They adhere to the bract 

 halfway. The articulation of stigmas with styles is formed. These 

 facts prove that Chosenia is by no means primordial. It must have 

 been changed much from its ancestral forms. 



All creations of nature are in order. Each species, genera, families 

 and so forth have their own characteristics. The characteristics do 

 not appear casually in one plant or others but are inherited phyletically 

 from their ancestors, and specifically, generically, or individually they 

 diverge or converge or segregate. The common characteristics of 

 phyletically remote groups do not jump dynamically from one to other, 

 but inherited. The newly acquired characteristics by segregation or 

 mutation are not dynamical but phyletical. We should remember 

 that, once extinct species, genera or families will never reappear 

 naturally or even by human exertion. The dynamic theory of Prof. 

 Hayata is a theory of excellent designation, but is an elaborate modern 

 explanation of old incredible theory of spontaneous generation. I am 

 one of the Japanese naturalists who keenly regret for having had the 

 publication of such theory. 



