50 Lieut. Irwin's Memoir of Afghanistan. [No. 97 



water in this district ; such as do exist are towards the southern 

 and north-western limits. With respect to carriage, bullocks 

 are chiefly used within the valley ; those who trade to Koora- 

 san employ a majority of camels ; goods taken into the Hazara 

 country are carried on mules and ponies ; the Ghiljies who 

 trade to Toorkistan by the road of Bameean use camels. In 

 the trade to the eastward, including all quarters, equal use 

 is probably made of camels on the one hand, and mules and 

 ponies on the other. 



Ghorbund. 

 184. This is but a small district, and on the borders are 

 large tracts which are merely pastured ; but except the waste 

 called Regrawan (see paragraph 99) there is no considerable 

 space where the water of springs or streams is not to be had. 

 A great part of the district is hilly, and though the hills be 

 often of a tame character, some of them yield pine. The houses 

 of the district are flat-roofed. In the summer a part of the 

 population live under black tents. The pasturage is very im- 

 portant, but still the chief subsistence of the people is from 

 agriculture. There are very numerous orchards, and the chief 

 fruits are apricots, almonds, and grapes. Raisins are brought 

 from Ghorbund to Hindoostan. The chief cultivation is along 

 the stream of Ghorbund, and of course the proportion of lulm is 

 very inconsiderable. The chief product is wheat, and after it 

 rice, notwithstanding the coldness of the climate ; after rice 

 is barley, which is chiefly spring sown ; there is little palez 

 or maize, nor are pease much raised. Wheat, sheep, the ghee 

 of milk, and that of doomba fat, are exported to Cabul, and 

 of course provisions are cheap. The people, who are not veiy 

 numerous, live much at their ease, and the climate is healthy. The 

 Kheshkees, a small tribe of Afghans who reside here, carry on 

 some trade between Cabul and Toorkistan. Grass in the summer 

 is very abundant. Some rishka is also cultivated for the wants 

 of winter. The chief live stock is sheep, but their cows are 

 in a considerable proportion. The pasturing people breed some 

 horses, chiefly of a small size. Within the district the chief 

 carriage is probably on ponies. For fuel they burn shrubs and 



