1840.] Lieut. Irwin's Memoir of Afghanistan. 55 



from the Ghiljies during their annual visits to the low coun- 

 try^ when some of them pasture on the skirts of this country, and 

 others pass through it. Sugar, cotton, and rice are exported to 

 Cabul. 



Koonur. 

 189. Koonur is an agricultural country, though there are 

 certain dependencies of it to the north-west which are perhaps 

 pastural, but they are of little account. The chief crop is the 

 khureef, and the chief produce rice, part of which they export 

 to Cabul, the country of the Upper Mihmunds, which lies east 

 and south, and some other quarters. The population is con- 

 siderable along the banks of the river. The capital, which is 

 called Pushut, is equal to Jellalabad, and there are some large 

 villages; but generally speaking the villages are not so large 

 as in the plain of Peshawur. Into Pushut they import some 

 wheat from Bajour. Ghee is brought from Deogul, and other 

 hilly dependencies to the west of the river; sheep and goats 

 from Bajour ; but provisions in general are sufficiently cheap. 

 In the valley cows are the chief stock, and after them 

 buffaloes ; the chief carriage is by asses. Fuel, fodder, and 

 water are plentiful, and timber is procured in abundance from 

 the west side of the river. There is also some pine in that 

 part of the Upper Mihmund country which borders on Koonur, 

 and in which the Syyaed of Koonur has influence. The people 

 live in flat-roofed houses, and never use tents. Their fields 

 are almost all irrigated, and their wheat and their barley, which 

 are not great crops, are autumn-sown. The wood of the olive is 

 much burned. 



Bajour. 

 190. This also is an agricultural country, and cows the most 

 important live stock ; yet the pasturage, and number of sheep 

 and goats is considerable. There are no black tents used; 

 in many cases however the shepherds pass the summer under 

 what are called koodies, which are made of mats supported 

 by wood. These are erected at what the Afghans call bandas, 

 which are pasturing stations remote from the village, and at them 



