1840.] Lieut. Irwin 9 s Memoir of Afghanistan. 59 



the production is equal to the consumption. The houses are flat- 

 roofed, and built partly of stone and partly of mud ; no tents are 

 used at any season of the year. The inhabitants are of the Af- 

 reedee tribe. West of them are the Shinwarees, in whose 

 flocks are a greater proportion of sheep than among the Af- 

 reedees, and some of them live at times under black tents. 

 Teera yields considerable quantities of good honey. The villages 

 are small. The Afreedee tribe may be conjectured to be 55,000 

 souls ; part of them live in Khybur, and that subdivision which 

 is called Adum Khel live towards Kohat; and the northern 

 Khutuks inhabit the continuation of their hills. Their country 

 answers in most particulars to the description already given 

 of that of the Upper Mihmunds. 



Peshawur. 



197. The plain of Peshawur is an agricultural country, and 

 no space of the same extent in the Cabul dominions is equally 

 cultivated or peopled. Upon the whole the khureef is the chief 

 crop. In the plain of the Mundars the rubbee is the chief, and 

 the like is true of that portion of the valley which the Khutuks 

 possess. Perhaps maize is the chief crop, and it certainly 

 is so in the vicinity of the city. The flour of maize is generally 

 cheaper than that of wheat, in the proportion of at least three 

 to two, and a certain mixture of it in the latter is supposed 

 to improve it. The maize of Peshawur is remarkably white, 

 and much esteemed. The rice of certain villages is exported 

 to great distances, but the consumption of this article in that 

 part of the valley which is subject to the king, is partly supplied 

 from Lower Swad. In the same manner great quantities of 

 wheat and some other articles of provision are brought from the 

 country of the Mundars. The valley generally considered, does 

 not support its own population, for the exports are inconsider- 

 able, compared with the imports from Bajour, Chuch, Pothwar, 

 and Kohat, especially the two former. Contrary to what is gene- 

 rally true of India, the khureef is commonly watered, and 

 the rubbee commonly lulm. The watered lands depend on 

 streams much more than wells. Jhulars are used in part 

 by the Daoodzyes and Mihmundzyes. A severe drought is 



