1840.] Lieut. Irwin's Memoir of Afghanistan. 61 



chief stock is cows and buffaloes. The khureef is the chief crop, 

 and tillage the chief source of subsistence. Cows, buffaloes, 

 ghee, and rice are exported in return for indigo, coarse cloths, 

 and manufactures. 



Bhooner. 



199. This too is an agricultural country, but grain is import- 

 ed from other quarters, and the populousness is less than in 

 Swad. The chief grain is raised to be kunganee, and lulm is 

 more common than irrigated land. Many of the villages are large, 

 but there are extensive tracts among the mountains without 

 inhabitants. The mountains produce pine in abundance, and 

 of course timber and fuel are easily procurable, but their natural 

 verdure is said to be inferior to that of Upper Swad. This 

 country is seldom visited, and the natives are very rude. 



Pukhlee. 



200. In Pukhlee agriculture is more important than pastur- 

 age, and the khureef is the chief crop. Rice is the chief pro- 

 duct, and after it wheat. The produce seems to be about equal 

 to the consumption. Most of the lands are irrigated from 

 streams. The natives generally drink from springs, and live in 

 flat-roofed houses. Timber, fuel, and fodder, are sufficiently 

 plentiful, and ghee is very cheap. The chief stock is cows and 

 buffaloes. Their sheep are of the light- tailed kind. The popu- 

 lation is considerable, and the villages are of various sizes. 

 There are certain districts individually of small account, com- 

 monly included in the revenue divisions, of which the above 

 observations may not always be true. 



Chuch. 



201. This is an agricultural country, and of remarkable 

 fertility. The khureef crop is of very little account. The rub- 

 bee is almost all lulm, and the chief thing cultivated is wheat, 

 of which great quantities are exported to Peshawur, besides 

 some other provisions also supplied. The few fields that are 

 irrigated depend on wells, but the farmers are seldom at this 

 expense except for raising tobacco, sugar, and other products 

 of great value. They drink from wells, and some from tanks, 



