62 Lieut. Irwin's Memoir of Afghanistan. [No. 97- 



or the river Indus. Timber is rather dear, and therefore part 

 of their houses are thatched. Their chief fuel is dung. The 

 largest villages may have 350 houses; the others are much 

 smaller, but they are numerous, and the population is con- 

 siderable. Cows are the chief stock, and bullocks the chief 

 carriage within the district ; but for external trade mules are 

 more used. The trade from Kushmeer to the west passes 

 through this district, which also lies in the great road from 

 Hindoostan to Peshawur and Cabul, 



Huzara. 

 202. This is a small district, unworthy of much mention. 

 Tillage is the chief subsistence, and the chief products are said 

 to be wheat, barley, and mash. It has some streams from hills, 

 and the amount of irrigated lands is equal to the lulm. Sheep 

 are perhaps the chief stock. Provisions are not so cheap as 

 in Chuch, and there are more wastes. The villages on an 

 average have 80 houses. The natives drink from springs, rills, 

 and tanks, and their chief fuel is shrubs. 



Moozuffurabad. 

 203. Concerning this district, I have gathered but little, 

 nor is it of much importance either from its produce or position. 

 The cultivation is but little, and is irrigated. A little wheat 

 is imported, and a little rice exported. Timber, fuel, and grass 

 are easily procurable. The live stock is various, and the chief 

 carriage, at least to Kushmeer, is on the backs of men. The 

 pasturage is important. 



Kushmeer. 

 204. This celebrated valley is admirably watered by streams 

 and rills, which seldom fall below a convenient level. The 

 quality of the soil is excellent, and adapted for the culture of rice, 

 a grain which supports a great population ; and the inhabitants 

 are industrious and frugal. Very little of the produce is expended 

 in the support of animals. There are few countries of the same 

 extent so populous as Kushmeer. The capital cannot have less 

 than 100,000 inhabitants, and is decidedly the largest city 



