64 Lieut. Irwin's Memoir of Afghanistan. [No. 97- 



roofed. Some horses are bred here, and the number of live 

 stock is considerable, so that fodder is dear. Grain is suffi- 

 ciently cheap, and a small quantity is exported to Peshawur, 

 to which they also send ghee. They and their live stock often 

 drink from the same tanks. The number of small tanks is very 

 great, and there are some wells in low situations for drinking. 

 The few lands that are irrigated are chiefly watered from wells 

 in hollow places, and are under tobacco, garden vegetables, and 

 other valuable cultivation. Rice, sugar, maize, and chuna are 

 scarcely cultivated, and more barley is raised than wheat. The 

 chief fuel is cow dung, and the chief carriage, bullocks and 

 mules. Though I have little detailed information concerning 

 the remainder of this Dooab, to the south as far as the domini- 

 ons of Mahmood Khan, I conceive that it answers in most 

 particulars to the character now given of Pothwar. 



Ghuznee, fyc. 

 207. In this country the chief subsistence is from tillage. 

 At the same time the pasturage is important, and being more 

 mentioned in the neighbouring districts, the inquirer at first 

 is led to suppose that it is the chief object. On the whole sheep 

 are certainly the chief stock, but in some well cultivated parts 

 cows are kept to a greater value. There are no buffaloes. The 

 chief carriage is by camels. The quantity of khureef raised is 

 very inconsiderable, and by far the greatest product is wheat, 

 which is exported to Cabul ; after wheat is barley, which in ge- 

 neral is sown in the spring, in the coldest situations, for example, 

 Khurwar. The wheat also, and indeed every thing cultivated 

 is spring-sown. The quantity of irrigated lands exceeds the 

 lulm, which itself has often the advantage of khwurs ; the irri- 

 gated lands have water from streams and kharezas, never from 

 wells. The quantity of palez is not very great, and there is 

 but little fruit except in the environs of Ghuznee. The 

 natives drink from springs, rills, and kharezas. Near Ghuznee 

 is a dam still in good preservation made by order of Shah 

 Mahmood Ghuznuwee ; it is filled partly by rain, partly by 

 springs and rills, and its water is used in irrigation. For 

 fuel the natives use shrubs, the dung of cows, or that of 



