194 Lieut. Irwin's Memoir of~7ifghanistan. [No. 98. 



trade. The villages, with some exceptions, are small, and there 

 are wastes of considerable extent. The term Daman is by some 

 applied to a great extent of hills of moderate temperature which 

 lie west of Daman, properly so called, and by that mode of 

 reckoning, the Sheeraness, Oostwanees or Troorianees (as they 

 are more properly called) Doomtanees, and part of the Wuzurees 

 would be considered as inhabitants of the Daman ; their country 

 is very waste and ill peopled, but in the winter there is a 

 great resort of the Ghiljies and others, chiefly from Zoormul, 

 for the sake of pasturing their sheep. These strangers think 

 they have a right to a pasturage without stint. Those who 

 proceed onwards to the plain and into Mukulwad are com- 

 pelled by Moohummud Khan to pay a tax for the grass they 

 consume. In this hilly part of the Daman the rubbee is the chief 

 crop, and cows and goats the chief stock. They drink from 

 springs and streams, in the plains there are also some wells; 

 the inhabitants of the hills make some use of tents. 



Mukulwad. 

 220. Tillage is the chief source of subsistence, and the 

 crops I conceive to be nearly equal. Wheat, barley, chunna, and 

 jooaree are the principal things raised. There is little grain 

 exported or imported ; most of the lands are lulm, a part of the 

 rubbee being raised on moist lands, which during the rainy 

 season had been covered by the rain ; but the quantity of sunk 

 lands is here much less than in the Kuchhee, which is east 

 of the river in Mooltan, or Buhawulpoor. I have formerly 

 mentioned that such lands form a class by themselves, and 

 are called seo (see paragraph 166). There is but little good 

 timber within this district itself, yet they have flat roofed 

 houses covered with wood of the date tree, guz, and sheeshum 

 which grow in the country, and some with wood from other 

 quarters. The guz and shrubs are the chief fuel, and are 

 cheap. Fodder is moderately cheap, though the hard clay 

 of this district be naturally ill clad with grass ; the soil is not 

 the most favourable for many species of grain, but the present 

 desolated condition of the district is chiefly owing to the oppres- 

 sive government. There are considerable spaces of hard clay 



