372 Lassen on the History traced [No. 100. 



ZaOov calls to mind as well the Sanscrit Kshattr (man of 

 the military caste) as Khshathra, the Zend word for king ; the 

 r in this case would have been absorbed on account of the softer 

 dialect, while z was used for khsh (X) or rather for a softer 

 pronunciation j perhaps sh as in Pilushino for Philoxenos. This 

 interpretation being ascertained, we make the attempt at ex- 

 plaining also in the same dialects the word KOPANO^ or XO- 

 PANO. Kir ana (ray quasi, radiant) finally adopted by Mr, Prin- 

 sep, is not at all satisfactory, any more than Karana (to do) 

 but Karana also denotes man of impure caste, son of an 

 impure Kshatrija couple, or according to the opinion of others, 

 son of a Vaishcha by a Soodra woman, whose occupation 

 is the profession of a writer. By this interpretation we should 

 have got two titles from Indian castes. But I am prevent- 

 ed from acceding to it by the fact, that XOPANO occurs 

 with ZAOOY, and that the combination of the different 

 titles of this class of coins leads to crwr^, as representing 

 the word KOPANO ; for the title deliverer is adhered 

 to with such predilection by those Scythians, that we may 

 ordinarily expect this meaning, and as ZA60Y for king pro- 

 bably refers to a dialect, nearer related to Zend, I would rather 

 look for an interpretation to that language. Here, however, 

 it appears, it is not to be discovered ; for though qarena is a 

 word in Zend, the signification (brilliant) is not a proper 

 one. The following, however, also speaks in favour of Zend. 

 By the title KOPANO a tie is formed between the Kanerkes- 

 coins, and those of the family of Kadphises, for both of them 

 are thus styled. But then the other words upon the Kanerkes- 

 coins refer to a dialect, which indeed also contains reference 

 to India, but at the same time points at certain elements, 

 more congenial to Iran. 



While this class of coins, partly by the name Hermaios, 

 partly by the title (xwr^p, and by the combination of Greek 

 and native legends, is linked together with the expiration of 

 Greek dominion, it is also connected by the word KOPANO 

 with the class of Kanerki coins of partly Scythian origin, the 

 words of which, though not of the Greek language, are always 

 written in Greek characters. The terms ZaOov and Kot,ov\o 



