1840.] Wild Sheep and Cicada. 441 



They are gregarious in flocks of about 40, and are usually led 

 by an old ram. 



The female is inferior in size, and not so much of a rufous 

 colour, and has small horns, inclining backwards and outwards 

 about 6 inches in length. They produce their young in May 

 and June. The lambs are the colour of the female, have a dark 

 stripe down the back, and in front of the fore legs. 



On my march with the army of the Indus from Kandahar 

 towards Cabool, I observed a remarkable congregation of the 

 insects commonly known by the name of Cicada, or Tettigonice, 

 (Fab.) which in no book on Entomology have I ever seen noticed. 

 These insects, as far as I had hitherto observed in the Eastern 

 Islands, where they are called Trumpeters, and in different parts 

 of India, especially in the Himalaya about Simla, where their 

 evening chirping must be familiar to all visitors, have never 

 appeared to me in large societies, an individual person not being 

 able to capture above a dozen of an evening. These likewise 

 have always been confined to wooded countries, and the Tetti- 

 gonia of Italy, and shores of the Mediterranean, the celebrated 

 insect made sacred to Apollo, and mentioned by Virgil, Cicada 

 stridens, is, I imagine, always found in thickly wooded countries. 



In Afghanistan, where scarcely a tree is to be seen (generally 

 speaking), I have been astonished at finding certainly not less 

 than eight species of this insect ; I believe them all to be new, 

 because I have never before met with them, but I regret to say 

 I have not a single book upon Entomology to refer to, and this 

 note not being intended to identify species, but merely to show 

 the very extraordinary numbers they were found in, I shall 

 confine myself to the observations I made. 



The first species of Tettigonia that attracted my notice was 

 in the month of May at Kandahar, a very diminutive insect, 

 which flew into our tents of an evening ; this did not surprise 

 me, because there are trees in the neighbourhood. 



But at Jellowgheer, in the Turnuk valley, about fifty miles 



