470 Lassen on the History traced [No. 101. 



the Hindookush itself, as to its western parts, the Kohi-Baba, 

 and the lower ranges, which at the lower extremity are protended 

 in a westerly direction. With the nation of the Paropamisades 

 must also be numbered those tribes, who inhabit the valleys of the 

 northern tributaries of the Cabul, viz. of the Gurbend, Panjhir, 

 and Nijrow; for Alexander formed a new Satrapy out of the 

 districts of the Paropamisades, Kal Trig aWrjg (y^upag) eg re eg 

 rov K(x)(pr}va Trorajiov. 



The Kophen is not,* however, as might be supposed, the Pan- 

 jhir, with his two tributaries ; for by starting from Alexandria, 

 which upon this conjecture must have been situated at the Kophen, 

 one would come first to this river ; we find in Pliny f " ab ea 

 (Alexandria) ad flumen Copheta, et oppidum Indorum Peuco- 

 laitin ccxxvn." Whether Peucolaitis be correct here or not, is 

 besides the question. The Kophen evidently is, we may say, the 

 united Ghuznee and Cabul rivers, and the Satrapy of the Paro- 

 pamisades is the Kohistan and Kohdaman of the present geo- 

 graphy of Cabul, together with the mountain vallies on their 

 western boundaries. 



Till the arrival of Alexander at the river Choes, Arrian (vi. 

 23) uses no other names (than the above) ; the intermediate 

 country to the junction of the Choes (Kameh) with the Cabul, 

 may therefore have belonged to the Satrapy, not the nation, 

 of the Paropamisades J 



Strabo§ says, " near the Indus there are the Paropamisades, 

 above the heads of whom the mountain Paropamisus rises. " 



* Arr. III. 22. 

 f VI. 21. 

 X Pliny vi. 23 ( says' " some authors still add to India the four Satrapies, 

 Gedrosia, Arachosia, the Arians, and Paropamisades 'ultimo fine Cophete 

 fluvio. 1 Is now the Cophen the extreme boundary of India with the addi- 

 tion of the Paropamisades 1 This would be an absurdity, and Pliny does 

 not recollect, that by adding the Paropamisades to India, he had not to 

 describe the remotest confines of the Paropamisades toward India, but 

 the boundary of India, enlarged towards the west. He has therefore 

 retained the boundary of the Alexandrian Satrapy of the Paropami- 

 sades, at the same time, that he gave it up. The reason upon which 

 those Satrapies were numbered with India, was an incidental one, viz. 

 the cession to Sandrokyptos by Seleucus Nicator. 



§ I. 1. § 9. 



