1840.] from Bactrian and Lido- Scythian coins. 481 



beyond, i. e. towards the north, where the Caucasus forms the 

 natural separation of the nations. But Hiuan Thsang says, 

 perhaps with more exactitude of definition, that the language is 

 Indian, though with some deviations.* Udjana is many times 

 mentioned as an independent empire in the Chinese annals be- 

 tween the years 400 and 642 a. d. 



The little principality Suhoto was situated southward from Ud- 

 jana, and westward from Kiantola beyond the river (Cabul), if one 

 set out for it from Kiantolo. f This definition is not very clear, 

 it must be about the country within the angle between the 

 Kameh and Cabul, on the northern bank of the latter. Kiantolo 

 (or KianthoveiJ is bounded on the east by the Indus, J the situa- 

 tion of the town Foe-chafou was in a westerly direction, three jour- 

 neys distant from the Indus, (p. 355) Westward thence was 

 the town Kiantolo, with the tower of the king Kanishka ; the 

 same town is also called Poulouchapoulo, or Foe-Leoucha, and 

 Paloucha seems to be a variety of Foechafou. North-eastward 

 fifty lis beyond the Cabul river (about fifteen miles), there was 

 situated the town Pousecolofati, (or Pushkalavati,) the district 

 attached to the town Peukela on the Indus, the Peukelaotis of 

 ancient writers. The way from the Indus to Peshawur is estima- 

 ted to be three journeys ;§ in this town we recognise Foechafou. 

 This country is the Gandaritis of the ancients, the Ghandhara 

 of the Indians, and the concurrent testimony of the Chinese 

 narratives does not at all admit its being extended to Kandahar. 

 The capital, the name of which in the Indian language perhaps 

 was Purushapura, town of men, town of heroes, is to be looked 

 for, it appears, in the country of Khybers. There is yet a tope, 

 larger and more splendid than that of Manikyala, || but this can 

 hardly be the tower of the king Kanishka. 



Fahian describes Foeloucha as an independent little state ; the 

 repetition of the same account proves, that the capital of Kian- 

 tolo, and the town Purushapura, and this Foeloucha of the 



* Foek, p. 381. 

 t Foek K, p. 64. p. 45 p. 355. 

 t p. 379. 

 § Tieffenthaler's description of Hindoostan, 1. p. 46. 

 || As. Trans. III. 327. VI. 879. 



3 Q 



