1840.] from Bactrian and Indo- Scythian coins. 483 



from Nakoloho. His Artoartar might coincide with the town 

 Purushapura of the Chinese. 



For Hilo, and Nakoloho, (or Hir and Nagara) another sup- 

 position is possible, the correctness of which I have not the 

 means of deciding. If namely, near Jelalabad, itself a tributary, 

 falls into the Cabul, this might be the Hir, and Nagar, the Jela- 

 labad. The name Hir, however, leads of itself to Soorkhrood, 

 (red river) if the Indian word hiranga, (gold, of gold colour,) may 

 be recognised in it, and besides in the latest descriptions of Ca- 

 bulistan, no other notable river, except the Soorkhab* is made 

 mention of. The architectural monuments of this country, more- 

 over, which commence at Balabagh, are not discovered more 

 than four (English) miles beyond Jelalabad. This circumstance, 

 and the fact, that Lamghan lies opposite, led me look for a 

 higher situation for Nagara on the banks of the river. 



Nakie in the year 628 a. d. was subjected to the empire 

 Kiapiche on the Gurbend, it was the boundary district between 

 Gandhara and western Cabulistan.f The town was sixteen 

 joanas from the capital of Gandhara, or, according to others, 

 fifty lis in a northerly direction from it beyond the mountains, { 

 a distance of about twenty-five geographical miles. Tieffentha- 

 ler estimates the way from Soorkhab to Jelalabad at twenty- 

 four (miles), and the capital of Ghandara cannot have had a 

 much more eastern situation than Jelalabad. The way of 

 Hiuan Thsang, however, did not follow the river, but the moun- 

 tains, and it was perhaps more direct. 



To set ourselves right in western Cabulistan as to the Chinese 

 description of it, we must begin with Hiuan Thsang^s entrance 

 from the north into the country. He goes from Bamian east- 

 ward over the snow- clad mountains, then over those, called The 

 Black, and is then in the country Kiapiche ; the distance is not 

 stated, but as the town Kiapiche lies in the mountains, he has 

 probably gone from Bamian only into the next valley towards 



* M. Court conjectures " sur les marches d' Alexandre," p. 28. elle (la 

 riviere de Kabool) entre alors dans la vallee de Djelalabad, ou elle recoit 

 d'abord les eaux du Sourkhab, qui vient du Canton de Peiver et ensuite 

 celles de Khonar (Kameh) qui a sa source dans le Kaferistan. 



f Foe K. p. 89. % Hiuan, Thsang, p. 379. 



