486 Lassen on the History traced [No. 101. 



the Lambagae of Ptolemy, and Lampaka of the Indians. In 

 Lamghan there exists an old monument, which the Mahom- 

 medans pretend to be the tomb* of Lamech, which Hiuan 

 Thsang has perhaps visited. 



The aboriginal inhabitants of Lamghan still use an Indian 

 dialect, and it is indeed a very remarkable fact, that the national 

 contrasts of these people may be so distinctly traced throughout 

 various periods. Ptolemy and Hiuan Thsang entirely agree as 

 to this point, and we have besides the language in corroboration. 

 Hiuan Thsang did not meet with an Indian language, or Indian 

 characters in the valleys beyond the Kohdaman ; within the 

 Kohdaman itself, there was a certain similarity with the Indian 

 dialects. On the southern bank of the Cabul river, Nakoloho is 

 the extreme boundary of India. 



I hope, that I have thus illustrated, though very briefly, the 

 Chinese description of those districts; there remains yet another 

 province, which the Buddhist pilgrims, whose reports are avail- 

 able to us, have not visited, to complete this sketch, and it 

 must be still touched upon. This is Kipin; which Fahian men- 

 tions, without having advanced so far himself ;f it is entirely 

 passed over by Hiuan Thsang. It often occurs in the Chinese 

 annals, from soon after the year 142 b. c. down to 758 a. d. ;X 

 it was then united with Udjana. In the beginning of the sixth 

 century it waged war with Gandhara on a boundary question, 

 (Foe K. p. 354) and must therefore have possessed those districts 

 which were adjacent on the west to Gandhara. As the Chinese 

 annals make mention of relations between Kipin and the Chinese 

 court, but not of any with Kiapiche, we might be disposed 

 to presume, that Kipin was the diplomatic expression, used to 

 indicate the complete empire Kiapiche. But the statements 

 point to another situation. Kipin was 700 lis to the southward 

 from Bamian, and not eastward as was Kiapiche, and 400 lis 

 eastwards from Sieiju with its capital Husina, which must be 

 Ghuznee. These accounts lead one indeed to the neighbour- 

 hood of Cabul, which is not mentioned in the reports of the 



* Baber, p. 276. Hence he derives the name. 



f p. 22. 

 X The reports are collected by Ritter VII. 682. 



