572 Journal of a trip through Kunaivur, fyc, [No. 102. 



purchase wool for the Rampore market. Having no farther need of 

 his services, I dismissed him with a present of five rupees, a common 

 single bladed penknife, and some strings of imitation coral beads, 

 as also a string of beads for his wife. 



The present though partly consisting of what I thought trash, was 

 received by him with every mark of delight, and laying the things at 

 my feet, he knelt down and touched the ground with his forehead,* 

 saying he had received a great reward. 



On the 4th July, after an absence of nearly a month, I once more 

 took up my abode in the small bungalow at Soongnum. It is a small 

 flat-roofed house, of one room, and was built several years since by a 

 Dr. Wilson on the site of an old temple. In front of the door is a 

 post on which are nailed many horns of the ibex, wild sheep, and 

 goats, and a similar collection is seen against the trunk of the cedar 

 tree which overhangs the house. 



The town of Soongnum is situated, according to Dr. Gerard, in 

 latitude 31° 45' and longitude 78° 27' 24" east, and stands in the 

 bottom of a glen between the high passes of Roonung and Hungrung, 

 the one being directly in front, and the other in rear of it. The glen is 

 called the valley, of Rushkoolung, and runs nearly north-west and 

 south-east. It is well watered by a stream, which runs through it 

 from the snows on the Maneriing Pass, above Manes in Spiti, and joins 

 the Sutledge a short distance below Soongnum. 



From the town, extending about three miles up the stream, is a 

 beautiful strip of cultivation of half a mile in breadth. 



There are generally two crops produced during the season, the first 

 consisting of wheat, barley, and beans, which is generally gathered in 

 during the months of July and August, and the second of Phuppra, 

 which is ready in all September, unless, as sometimes happens, it is des- 

 troyed by early frosts and snow.f 



Turnips also of large size constitute part of the second crop, and are 

 said to weigh two and even four pounds each. These are yellow, 

 and when dried and pounded they are mixed with the wheaten or 

 barley flour, and form the principal food of the inhabitants during the 



* This was performing a kind of " Kotoo" !? 



t In all preceding accounts oi these hills, the word Phapur, is almost invariably 

 substituted for Phuppra, which is correct, and is pronounced as though it were spelled 

 " Fuppra." 



