622 Fossil remains of Camelidce of the Sewaliks. [No. 102, 



village of Moginund, which lies at the foot of the range, and the elevation 

 about 4 or 500 feet above that village. These fossils were removed by a 

 working party over whom I was standing, and taken to my camp imme- 

 diately afterwards ; there can be no demurrer on their being fossil remains, 

 for even had they not been exhumed before me, their state of fossilization 

 is a proof of their not having belonged to the existing family ; and the 

 position in which I found them was such, that laying aside their being 

 a part of an inclined stratum of rock, no camel of the present day, at least, 

 could have reached such an awkward locality, the excavation having taken 

 place at the head of a deep ravine, terminating in a slip, in a wild preci- 

 pitous region, far away from the habitation of man, and far removed from 

 even the grazing ground of village cattle. 



In the paper above referred to, certain specific differences are noted 

 between the fossil and existing camel, which a fortiori establish the dis- 

 covery of the animal in the former state ; as these appear to have been 

 overlooked by Lord Brougham, I will, in referring your readers to the 

 memoir in question, note, that the most remarkable points of dissimilitude 

 were in that portion of the cranium connected with the lower jaw, the 

 breadth between the articulating or glenoid surfaces for the condyles of 

 the latter, being much greater than that in the animal now existing — a 

 peculiarity not confined to one solitary specimen, but common to others, 

 amongst which was a very perfect cranium of a second species, for which 

 we proposed the name of C. antiquus, procured from the sandstone strata. 

 With the marked difference above alluded to, it was natural to expect 

 some modification in form to the condyles and rami of the lower jaw; 

 in this we were not disappointed; the obliquity of the ascending branches 

 similar to that of the ox, their form, and the excess of transverse diameter 

 of the condyle, were points of great difference between the fossil and 

 living animal; and in total correspondence with the peculiarities of the 

 cranium ; it will be observed, that the difference of structure in the skull 

 is by no means of trifling importance, and as far as the subject of this 

 paper is concerned, is evidence that the bones found by us could never have 

 been the remains of the animals now existing in India.* 



That the camel lived at the same time with the Sivatherium, Anoptothce- 

 rium Simia, Hippopotamus, Rhinoceros, and with the very prototype of the 

 Crocodiles and Gurials now abounding in the great rivers and estuaries of 

 Modern India, there can be no doubt of, as far as the researches on the 

 Sewalik hills have exhibited proofs. 



* At the lower extremity of the metatarsals and metacarpals the cleft appears to be somewhat 

 les6 in the fossil than in the existing camel ; in the latter the separation of the points of articulation 

 is somewhat greater, a remark drawn from an inspection of a great number of fossil remair.3 of 

 this part of the animal. 



