GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE TEEEITORIES. 101 



inclosed by an almost vertical wall of massive sandstone of Cretaceous 

 age. The rocks wliicb we find inside have been subjected to an im- 

 mense deal of erosion, and the many ridges and tower-like forms left 

 standing throughout the garden are the remnants of the parallel strata 

 which dip to the northeast at a very great angle. In some places they 

 seem to dip a few degrees in the opposite direction. As we go toward 

 the mountains, the dip decreases. Theserocks are fine-grained sandstones, 

 of a deep brick-red color, with here and there layers and spots of a lighter 

 red, and sometimes white. The ridges are exposed for some distance to 

 the nortb, while to the south, after bending toward the east, they ap- 

 pear to be covered b}' the debris from the mountains. The entrance to 

 the " garden" is through the " Beautiful Gate," an opening through one 

 of the highest ridges of red sandstone. We estimated the height of this 

 ridge to be 300 feet. The northern end is considerably higher, and view- 

 ing it so as to see the end alone the resemblance to the tower of a grand 

 cathedral induced us to call it " Cathedral Eock." Another collection of 

 rocks inside the " garden" had the name of " Montezuma's Cathedral." 

 On the western surface of the ridge mentioned above, the water has worn 

 quite a large cave. The sandstone is very soft in most jolaces and can 

 be readily crushed in the fingers. The softness is due probably to the 

 effect of the weather. As w<i go toward the west the hardness increases. 

 Outside'of the red layers, and a few hundred feet farther to the east, there 

 is a layer of white sandstone parallel to the red and tipped up at the 

 same angle, about 70^. Outside of this, and in contact with it, is a bed 

 of gypsum which is of considerable thickness. From it I obtained spe- 

 cimens of selenite and satin-spar. The specimens of amorphous gyp- 

 sum I obtained are exceedingly beautiful, the white variety being of 

 course the most abundant. I got also some very i)retty i)ink varieties. 

 The following day we spent in visiting Glen Eyrie and the Soda 

 Springs on the "Fontaine qui Bonille."' Glen Eyrie is also sometimes 

 called the " Little Garden of the Gods," from its resemblance to the 

 " Garden of the Gods," which we first visited, and which is farther to the 

 south. The entrance is through a natural gateway, cut through a mass- 

 ive ridge of gray sandstone by Camp Creek, which flows through the 

 glen. The sandstones are covered with moss, giving them a most 

 picturesque appearance, and General Palmer, who has made his home 

 here, has given them the name of " Painted Eocks." The ridge forms a 

 high wall, dipping northeast at an angle of 60°. The age of this sand- 

 stone is Cretaceous. Just inside of it tbere is a layer of limestone, 

 which is probably Jurassic, and next to this is a layer of gypsum, the 

 continuation of the bed I mentioned above. Then follow solt,red sand- 

 stones, corresponding to those in the "Garden of the Gods," although 

 they are lighter in color, at a distance seeming to be of a flesh -color. 

 They are eroded into curious, fantastic forms. One in particular deserves 

 mention. It is a mass of red rock, 30 feet in diameter, and rising to the 

 height of 200 feet. It is a monolith, the top of which is larger than at 

 the base, and looking at it one almost expects to see it toppling over. 

 It is called " Xeedle Eock." The area included in the " Little Garden of 

 the Gods " is much less than in the other garden. The red sandstones, 

 as we approach the hills, become harder, seeming to be almost crystal- 

 line, and have a deeper color. The angle of the dip has decreased, and 

 at this point is only 20°. Where Camp Creek has cut its way through 

 these hard layers there is a fine exposure of the strata. Here is Glen 

 Eyrie proper, and a wild, weird-looking place it is. The dark-red 

 rocks and the bright-green foliage, through which we catch an occa- 

 sional glimpse of the stream, form parts of a picture well worthy the 



