GEOLOGICAL SURVEY' OF THE TERRITORIES. 569 



postg'lenoid processes the parietals rise again to the transverse occipital 

 crest, but to what height is uncertain. At the mastoid region, the cra- 

 nium widens a little, and is excavated at the sides by the temporal fossae, 

 year where the lateral and posterior crests join the inferior ridge-like 

 border of the temporal fossa, in front of a position occupied by a knob 

 in E. j)7'essicornis, is a strong horn-core with sub-cylindric base. It 

 stands obliquely backwards towards thejunction of the inferior squamo- 

 sal and transverse crests, and is connected to these by an oblique ridge, 

 one side of which is marked with irregular, short, longitudinal rugosities. 

 At the base of these elevations are three sinuses. This portion was 

 found close to the skull, but separated from it, and the precise mode of 

 its attachment has not been discovered by actual fit. 



The occiput rises upwards for four inches above the condyles; perhaps 

 it displayed a posteriorly sloping transverse crest as in JE. pressieornis. 

 The paramastoid and mastoid tuberosities are narrowed and extend ob- 

 liquely downwards and forwards. The lower part of the exoccipital 

 suture runs along a ridge, and there is a tuberosity in front of the mas- 

 toid foramen. An irregular A-shaped crest extends upwards with the 

 apex at the inferior temporal crest, and its anterior limb forming part of 

 the posterior boundary of the meatus auditoiHiis. The inferior temporal 

 crest is directed outwards below, but forwards above. 



The narrowness of the cranium is readily seen on comi:>aring the post- 

 glenoid processes. These are not deep, but have considerable trans- 

 verse extent, and are separated by a space only a little greater than the 

 transverse diameter of each. The zygomatic arches are compressed 

 posteriorly, with crest-like superior ridge, but rounded above anteriorly. 

 There is not the least trace of posterior boundary of the orbit. The 

 squamosal process overlaps the malar bone extensively, terminating in 

 a point, the latter ending obtusely. The malar is supported in front by 

 a maxillary process, w'hich is united with it by a zigzag suture on the 

 outer face and a squamosal one within and below. The foramen infra- 

 orhitale exterius is large, and issues a short distance in front of the orbit, 

 not so near it as in the elephants. From this point to the ridge inclos- 

 ing the canine alveolus the side of the maxillary bone is deeply concave, 

 and the palatal surface correspondingly contracted. The bone is con- 

 tinued upwards and outwards as the external part and apex of the mid- 

 dle horn-cores. Anteriorly it is bounded by the premaxillary to a point 

 as far anterior to the base of the horn as the width of the latter 5 behind 

 that point it is in contact with the nasals. The premaxillary is prolonged 

 upwards and backwards into a narrow tongue. Its inferior portion is 

 convex above on each side, concave below, with projecting alveolar bor- 

 ders, which are Hat and slightly concave fore and aft. The extremity 

 of ea(;h is rugose below, supports a prominent tubercle medially and a 

 smaller one at the superior angle. 



The exterior nares are not separated by osseous septum. Their lateral 

 borders are marked on the inferior surface of the nasal and premaxillary 

 roof by a curved ridge or crest, which converge forwards and bound the 

 interior concavity of the roof. This gave support to muscular or liga- 

 mentous attachments. The posterior angle of the nares is abruptly ex- 

 cavated with thickened walls. The palate is remarkably narrow, and 

 is most deeply excavated between the alveoli of the tusks, or at the 

 maxillo-premaxillary suture. From near this point to the palatine 

 suture a low but sharp crest extends along the middle line. The width 

 of the palate at the diastema is one-ninth of its length. The diastema 

 is moi-e than half the length of the molar series. The pterygoid process 

 of the palatine bones has two convergent grooves on its inferior surface. ■ 



