GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE TEREITOEIES. 573 



the tail must have been short and slender. The articular face of the 

 tirst is a transverse, rather broad ellipse, and twice the diameter of the 

 third distally. Thediapophysis of the second is much the stoutest. It 

 unites with the subvertical plate-like diapophysis of the first as well as 

 Tvith that of the third. It is concave above, and terminates distally in 

 a massive L-shaped surface of articulation with the ilium. The foram- 

 ina inclosed by the diapophyses are quite large. The inferior face of 

 the first sacral centrum is slightly concave with a hypapophysial tuber- 

 osity in front ; it is strongly concave in the second. 



Measurements of vertehrce. 



M. 



Antero-posterior diameter of dorsal 0.044 



Diameter at bottom uenral arch do 040 



Length base of ueurapophysis 04 1 



Diameter centruo] lumbar, (vertical) 090 



Diameter centrum lumbar, (transverse) 110 



Diameter centrum lumbar, (antero-posterior) OSO 



Length thi'ee sacral vertebr;e "iij 



Transverse extent of sacrum, (15 inches) :; 



Diameter first vertebra at free eud, (transverse) (4.6 inches) I;i2 



Diameter first vertebra at free end, (vertical) 093 



Diameter last vertebra at free end, (vertical) 021 



Diameter last vertebra at free end, (transverse) 065 



Total expanse of heads of rib 106 



Diameter capitular face, (vertical) 048 



Diameter tu bercuhir, (vertical) .' 030 



Width rib just below head . 050 



Bestoration. — We may ascribe to the LoxolopJiodon cornutus, form and 

 pioportious of bod}' similar to those of the elephant. The hmbs, how- 

 ever, were somewhat shorter, as the femur is stouter for its length than 

 in the JE. mdicus. It was similar in this respect to certain species of 

 mastodon. The tail was quite small. The neck was a little longer 

 than in the elephants, but much less than in the rhinoceroses; the 

 occipital crest gave attachments to the Ugamentum nuchm and muscles 

 of the neck, which must needs have been powerful to support the long 

 jiiuzzle with its osseous prominences, and to handle with effect the terri- 

 ble laniary tusks. The head must have been supported somewhat 

 obliquely downwards, presenting the horns somewhat forwards as well 

 as upwards. The third or posterior pair of horns towered above the 

 middle ones, extending vertically with a divergence, when the head was 

 at rest. The posterior and middle pair of horns were no doubt covered 

 by integument in some shape, but whether dermal or corneous is 

 uncertain. Their penetrating foramina are smaller than in the Bovidm. 

 The cores have remotely the form of those of the Antilocapra americana, 

 whence I suspect that the horns had an inner process, or were palmate 

 as in the prong-horn at present inhabiting the same region. The nasal 

 shovels may have supported a pair of flat divergent dermal horns, but 

 this is uncertain; they are not very rugose. 



The elevation of the animal at the rump was about 6 feet, distributed 

 a.s follows: 



Measurements. 



Inches. 



Foot 4.50 



Tibia 20.50 



Femur 31. 75 



Pelvis 16. CO 



72.75 



