644 GEOLOGICAL SUEVEY OF THE TEERITOSIES. 



BATEACHIA, (1.) 



Species. 



Incertse sedis : 1 



PISCES, (26.) 



Ginglymocli 4 



Halecomorphi 5 



JSrematognatlii 7 



Plectospondyli 2 



Isospoudyli . . , 3 



Percesoces 3 



Percomorphi 2 



Total number vertebrata 120 



Character of the types of Verfehrates. — Professor Leidy, in his report 

 on this subject in 1871, (Geological Survey of Montana, p. 353,) an- 

 nounced the j)reseuce of Garnivora, Insectivora, Bodentia, Perissodactyla, 

 and Artiodactyla O^nnivora, concluding that Quadrumana, ChirojHera, 

 Proboscidia, Artiodactyla, Buminantia, Edentata, and Marsunialia were 

 wanting. He also observed the entire absence of horses. The results 

 of the survey of the present year confirm these statements as to the 

 I)resence of the orders first mentioned by Professor Leidy, excepting 

 that of the Ar^tofZac^^^rt, the existence of which in any form at the period 

 in question remains uncertain. The entire absence of the Buminantia 

 and of the single-hoofed equines is fully confirmed. On the other hand, 

 I have been able to add Quadrumana and Prohoscidia, 'while Marsh, who 

 discovered the former nearly coincideutally with myself, has obtained, 

 in addition, Chiroptera and Marsiqnalia, Thus the fauna embraced an 

 extensive series of types of Mammalia, whose characters it will be well 

 to glance at in review. 



Of the quadrumana none are typical forms, and all are much more gen- 

 eralized than the existing families. Of the six carnivora, two, at least, 

 are far from recent forms, and combine important features now found 

 in distinct families. The proboscidia are all remote from Miocene and 

 recent forms, combining features of perissodactyles. Of the perisso- 

 dactyles, six species (Hyrachyus) pertain to a persistent type, which still 

 exists, while eight species (Palceosyops, Limnohyits, and Orohippus) com- 

 bine the characters of the tapirs with the bunodont type with power- 

 ful canine teeth, from which also the artiodactyla omnivora sprung. 

 The genera marked " Incertoe sedis" are all or nearly all geneiMized 

 forms, having affinities to the group in question. The rodentia, so far 

 as known, appear to be more or less similar to living types. Of the 

 forty-five species of Mammalia enumerated, at least twenty-eight may be 

 regarded as generalized in a high degree, while not a few others will 

 probably be found to present the same i^eculiarity within a lesser range 

 of variation. 



The ordinal characters of the Beptilia are well defined, and there is 

 nothing known among CrocodiUa remarkably distinct from those exist- 

 ing at the present time. The same may probably be said of the Lacer- 

 tilia and Ophidia, though their genera are not so well known. It is in 

 the tortoises that we have evidence of generalized forms again, which 

 only relate, it is to be noted, to the subdivisions of the order, and not, 

 as in the Mammalia, to other orders. Of the thirty-two species, ten be- 

 long to typical forms now existing, and nine {Trionyx, Dermatemys, and 

 Sadriamis) to forms which exist or closely resemble existing genera, 



