90 



Ottawa and Saugin tribes, gathered in council, and con- 

 sented to give up their control of the islands of Georgian 

 bay and adjacent regions for a home on the Grand Mani- 

 toulin. The treaty referred to was made with Sir Francis 

 Bond Head, Governor of Upper Canada (now Ontario) in 

 1836. Since then most of the island, being unoccupied 



Manitowaning from the south. Manitoulin island, Ontario. 



by the Indians, has been bought by white settlers and the 

 aborigines are now confined to the reserves, the largest 

 of which lies directly across the bay from Manitowaning. 

 Besides being the home of the Indian Agent and the Indian 

 doctor, Manitowaning enjoys_a thriving trade with the 

 Indians from the reserve. 



Physiography. — The cuesta land-forms, so charac- 

 teristic of the Palaeozoic formations of the Georgian Bay 

 region, are well developed in the vicinity of Manitowaning. 

 The village is situated upon limestone strata of Richmond 

 age which present a steep though sinuous front to Mani- 



