MAMMALIA. 23 



for the completeness and regularity of its teeth.. It has the typical number 44, — 

 neither canine nor any other tooth rising above the general level, and the series 

 is unbroken, a character now manifested only by Man. The grinding surface 

 of the molars retains the transitory and embryonic structure of the ruminant 

 type. The generic name has reference to the absence of tusks, long canines, 

 horns and claws. This very perfectly preserved head is from the Eocene Gypsum 

 Beds of Montmartre, Paris, and is now in the Garden of Plants. 



Size, 15x9. Price, $5.50. 



No. 60. Anoplotherium commune, Cuv. 



Right Fore-Foot on Slab. Size, 11 x 5. Price, $2.25. 



No. 61. Anoplotherium commune, Cuv. 



Left Hind-Foot on Slab. Size, 12x4. Price, $2.25. 



No. 62. Merycopotamn sdissimilis, Faic. and Caut. 



Lower Jaw, eight ramus. The exact position of this extinct animal has 

 not been determined, but it seems to stand on the border-line between Ruminants 

 and Omnivores. The molars resemble those of the Oreodon, but the rest of the 

 ientition approaches that of the Hippopotamus. The fossil was found in the 

 fcewalik Hills (Miocene), and is preserved in the British Museum. 



Size, 14x4. Price, $1.75. 



Order 7 — Pachydermata. 



The Pachyderms are non-ruminant Herbivores. None have clavicles, 

 nor more than forty-four teeth. All that are odd-toed behind have a 

 third trochanter on the femur. Many of them by their size, cranial 

 characters and life by the river and marsh, show an intermediate posi- 

 tion between the aquatic and terrestrial Mammalia. There are three 

 groups, each tending toward some other Order. The Proboscideans ap- 

 proach the Rodents. They embrace the largest of all terrestrial crea- 

 ture.?, and are characterized by a proboscis, tusks, the absence of canines, 

 a few large, transversely ridged molars, and pentadactyle feet, indicated 

 only by divisions of the hoof. The dorso-lumbar vertebrae number 

 more than nineteen. The only living Proboscideans are two species of 

 Eleplias — Indicus and Africanus. The total number of teeth they 

 develop is thirty-two : the two permanent incisors or tusks being pre- 

 ceded by two deciduous one, and the number of molars (which succeed 

 each other not vertically but from behind forwards) is finally reduced 

 to one in each ramus. The African species most nearly approaches the 

 Mammoth in the structure of its teeth and general proportions. The 

 true Pachyderms approximate to the Ruminants. They have two, three 



