36 VEKTEBEATA. 



have been found which describe a circle, but the curve being oblique, they thus 

 clear the head, and point outward, downward and backward. The cranium of the 

 Elephas primigenius is elongated and the forehead concave. A lower molar can 

 be distinguished from an upper one by the grinding surface being slightly concave 

 in the direction of its longest diameter, that of the upper molar being in the same 

 degree convex. Most of the molars of the New World Mammoth are character- 

 ized by thinner and more numerous plates than those of England, but the differ- 

 ence is not constant. The creature was covered with shaggy hair, so that it was 

 fitted to live as near the pole as is compatible with the growth of hardy trees or 

 shrubs. The sterile region in Northern Siberia, where the remains occur so abun- 

 dantly, was, according to Murchison, beneath the sea at the period when the Mam- 

 moth lived ; the bones and carcases therefore must have drifted thither. It should 

 be mentioned, however, that the remains are rarely rolled or water- worn. This 

 lower jaw, belonging to a young animal, was disinterred from a Pleistocene deposit 

 at Lippe, Rhenish Prussia, and is in the University Museum at Bonn, Rhine Val- 

 ley. It is a very perfect specimen, and retains the molar teeth in place. 



Size, 12 x 12. Price, $3.00. 



No. 133. Elephas primigenius, Blum. 



Lower Jaw, young. This specimen was found in 1835, in a Pleistocene de- 

 posit in the Department of Ain, France, and is now in the Museum of Natural 

 History at Lyons. Size, 12 x 10. Price, $3.00. 



No. 134. Elephas intermedins. 



Lower Jaw. This specimen is from the Pleistocene in the Parish of Eculy, 

 near Lyons, France, and is in the Mtiseum of that city. 



Size, 2 ft. 3 in. x 25 in. Price, $8.00. 



No. 135. Elephas intermedins. 



Lower Jaw. This jaw was found in the Pleistocene at Lyons, and is in the 

 Museum of that city. Size, 21 x 17. Price, $6.00. 



No. 136. Elephas intermedins. 



Sixth upper Molar, left ramus. 

 This grinder was found in the Pleis- 

 tocene on the banks of the Saone, France, 

 and is in the Museum at Lyons. 



Size, 13x8. Price, $2.50. 



No. 137. Elephas intermedins. 



Sixth lower Molar, left ramus. This grinder was found in the Pleis- 

 tocene at St. Germain, France, and is in the Museum at Lyons. 



Size, 11x6. Price, $2.00. 



No. 138. Elephas meridionalis, Nesti. 



Fifth upper Molar, right ramus. This species is characterized by a 

 very long symphysis to the lower jaw, and by molars similar to those of the Afri- 

 can Elephant. This tooth was found in the Upper Pliocene, in the Lower Alps, 

 France, and is in the Museum at Lyons. Size, 8x5. Price, $1.75. 



