MAMMALIA. O 



and that rarely, in the most recent formations, in which nearly all the 

 other fossil forms are referable to living species. The evidence that man 

 existed in the early fluviatile Drift Period, is derived solely from ossifer- 

 ous caverns. Human implements, however, have been discovered in dis- 

 turbed Alluvium, associated with the remains of extinct Post-Glacial 

 Mammals. 



No. 1. Homo. 



Skull, discovered in 1857, in a lime- 



stone cave in the Neanderthal, near Diis- 

 seldorf. The cranium (the part preserved, 

 including the frontal bone, both parietals, 

 part of the temporal, and the upper third | 

 of the occipital) is of unusual size and 

 thickness, the forehead narrow and very 

 low, and the projection of the superorbital 

 ridges enormously great. In capacity it 

 ranks very nearly on a level with the mean of the two human extremes, and 

 very far above the pithecoid maximum. Still, it is the most ape-like of all hu- 

 man skulls, the brain-case being flattened to a degree unknown before. The 

 conclusions of Prof. Huxley are : First, that the extraordinary form of the skull 

 is due to a natural conformation, hitherto not known to exist even in the most 

 barbarous races. Secondly, that it belongs to a period antecedent to the time of 

 the Celts in Germany, and was in all probability derived from one of the wild 

 races of Northwestern Europe. And, Thirdly, that it is beyond doubt traceable 

 to a period at which the diluvium still existed. The original, now in posses- 

 sion of Dr. Fuhlrott, of Elberfield, has lost much of its animal matter, and 

 is covered with dendrites. [See Lyell's Antiquity of Ma?i.~] 



Size 8x6. Price, $1.50. 



No. 2. Homo. 



Skxill, discovered in 1834 in the Engis cavern, near Liege, on the left bank 

 of the Meuse. It exhibits the frontal, parietal and occipital regions, as far as 

 the middle of the foramen, and a part of the right temporal bone. It was found 

 associated with the bones of extinct animals, yet approaches very near to the 

 Caucasian type ; while the Neanderthal skull, though having no such decided 

 claims to antiquity, departs widely from the normal standard of the human race 

 — the cerebral development falling as much below that of the Australian as that 

 of the Engis exceeds it. The original is now in the Museum of the Uni- 

 versity of Liege. Size, 8x5. Price, $1.75 • 



No. 3. Homo. 



Lower Jaw, from the Cave at Arcy, Department of the Yonne, France. 

 The original is in the Cabinet of the Marquis de Vibraye, Paris. Price, $0.60. 



