FOREST AND STREAM. 



* 



69 



Hffoodlmd, H'tfttM and (garden. 



CULTIVATION OF THE TULIP-(Natural or- 

 der, Tub'pHcene). 



WE come now to a new peculiarity of cultivation of 

 a very large, highly picturesque, and beautiful 

 flower of the English, German, and American gardens. 

 As a general thing, all seedlings of tulip bulbs, in their 

 first time of blooming, produce but a plain, clear flower 

 of one single color, without stripes or markings— all the 

 upright portions of the flower being a plain color, called 

 self's, and without any variation of color of any kind. 

 These self colors are sometimes very handsome. I have 

 had from the first blossom of a new bulb a flame color of 

 a beautiful hue, and the second veartlie blossom from this 

 identical bulb has been gorgeously striped with yellow. 

 They will sometimes run for Ihree years of the first color, 

 and also retain their long stems and single scarlet hue. 

 The scarlets and vermillions often show their first colors in 

 this manner. These will sometimes flower for years with- 

 out variation, and then break out into one of the most un- 

 expected stripes or spots. Here is where our named varie- 

 ties come from. Any one who grows a valuable striped 

 tulip from the single colored bulb has the right to name it 

 if he sells the plant lie originated. Fabulous prices have, 

 been obtained for these striped bulbs when once the colored 

 stripe is fixed by several years of cultivation. In this man- 

 ner, too, are raised very many unnamed, beautiful plants, 

 which sell quite low, for the reason that they have multi- 

 plied greatly in the breeding-state, and have been carelessly 

 distributed all over the German tulip grounds. By this 

 careless proceess— if I may be allowed to call it a process— 

 those to whom justly belonged I lie privilege of naming this 

 plant have forfeited, the right of naming it at all. This is 

 the reason that we find so many different synonyms are 

 one and the same thing. One peculiarity I have often no- 

 ticed in my own beds is that twenty, aud perhaps more, of 

 a sort, will come up, and scarcely any two of them are 

 alike. Some who are esteemed good judges majr say they 

 can recognize them, but we cannot. These peculiarities 

 are considered as lessening the standard value of the choice 

 bulb, while they may otherwise add much to the charms of 

 tulip cultivation. 



I have before me a letter from a lady of Philadelphia, 

 who says-!— "Please tell me the best kind of soil for my 

 tulip beds, and the form in which I can grow them with 

 she least care aud obtain a fine exhibition of flowers?" 

 We answer: — Procure two barrels of rich loam from an 

 Old pasture, say three inches of the top, throw it in a heap, 

 and have it frequently stirred until fairly rolled; then get 

 one barrel of decayed leaf mould from the woods, one half 

 barrel of a clean grit sand, and mix these ingredients to- 

 gether. Now you will proceed to make your tulip beds. 

 As you wish for an arrangement and form that require 

 little care, aud give a fine effect, you will, if possible, make 

 your bed to run north and south. Make your drainage 

 perfect. Tulips do not love water at their roots. We usu- 

 ally have our beds made four feet wide, and we always dig 

 them two feet six inches in depth, and the compost 

 spoken of is cast into this bed, tilling it uutil within two 

 inches of the top. Now let your bed, thus prepared, rest 

 three days to settle before you plant your tulips. Sift the 

 soil remaining with a coarse wire 'sieve or screen into 

 your bed untilit rises in the middle two inches higher than 

 Ibe edges of the bed, which should be even with the top 

 ground. This bed, if rightly constructed, will be in the 

 middle three inches higher. You will now proceed with 

 the planting of your bulbs. About, seven rows will give 

 you ample room for your plants to develop their true 

 beauty. The bulbs are to be pressed into the soil a little, 

 aud soil to the depth of three inches placed directly over 

 them. Be very careful not to let any stones or obstructions 

 lie over the bulb. Some of our successful tulip growers 

 add to the soil covering the bulb an equal quantity of half 

 coarse sand. We like the plan, have tried it, and recom- 

 mend it as safe. The bulbs should always be planted ac- 

 cording to their height and color. Those growing from 

 fifteen to eighteen inches high to occupy the outer rows, 

 the second rows, on each side, are those growing two feet, 

 and others growing two feet six inches should be placed in 

 the three centre tows. You will now leave your bed until 

 the approach of frost, when yon will give it as much air as 

 possible, protecting them from freezing by means of mats 

 or shelter. Coverings of boards are sometimes used to ad- 

 vantage, placed upon joists laid along the sides, and re- 

 moved as soon as possible in the spring, so that your bulbs 

 may draw up strong. From the 7th to the 16th of April 

 always remove the coverings of your beds. As the spikes 

 begin to open and develop the leaves they will need espe- 

 cial protection, if at any time. A frame resting upon four 

 neat posts, set at each corner of your bed, upon which a 

 light canvass is tightly drawn, is a very pretty protection; 

 the post- are to be six' feet high to protect them from too 

 hot a sun. [ sometimes ha v. ■'"covered the tops of my beds 

 with one inch of sand. This is a flue improvement, and 



gives a pretty look t 



;fio 



Tins, to the 



profit, or to sell again, is valuable, as he can by this means 

 label bis bulbs when he takes them up from the last of June 

 to fall, when the leaves are brown or yellow. This is the 

 time to lift the bulbs, dry them, wrap in papers, and place 

 in drawers tor next season. 



For planting, the best time is from the 20th of October 

 to the close of the fall. If you sow seed, remember that, 

 you want just such a bed as the above, Sow the seed in 

 spring or autumn. Of the tulip we have numerous varie- 

 ties, ov sub-divisions. They are divided for convenience 



... cla ses, called roses, bvblomens, aud bizarres. The 

 roses have white grounds and marking, are mostly of crim- 

 son, pink, or scarlet, distinct and pretty, and always a dc- 



sirabl 

 those having 

 lilac, and bla 

 these break i 

 -are those wh 



by bio 



e mean 

 mrple, 



d, and 



Self a 



flower. By ll: 



bile ground, witli mark 



The Mzarres have a yell 

 tomauyttiifereul colored 

 . Jve one color, such as white and yellow, 

 and rarely show any inclination to break into other colors. 

 Then we have the early or ground tulips in many varieties, 

 always pretty, and, being "naturally very hardy, induces 

 main" to grow' them who otherwise would forego tulips al- 

 together. These cost little, and are the most" brilliant of 

 this flower. So easily are they cultivated that they may 

 be placed near tin foundations of our old garden walls, 

 upon the sunny side. Dig a pit one foot wide, two feet 

 deep, and till in with good soil; set out three rows of early 

 tulips— reds, whites, and yellows— and await the opening 



spring. Now you reap the reward of your fifty cent in- 

 vestment. Are they not beautiful? Truly we knew you 

 would find it out. Single tulips are always 'a fine sight, and 

 there are to he had in the market thousands of bulbs for 

 one dollar, and some for fifty cents a dozen, which contain 

 many fine named varieties of much vahfc, but the labels 

 having been lost they are thrown in with the unnamed va- 

 rieties, and singles and selfs are sold for a trifle ner dozen. 

 The WTiter purchased for one dollar three dozen of these 

 kinds of bulbs, and upon their blossoming in the following 

 spring he obtained four very fine and valuable tulips, one 

 that had readily been sold the season of his purchase for 

 five dollars the' single plant. Aside from the small price 

 asked for these bulbs without a. name, you will find, if you 

 are only an amateur florist, the lessons unfolded iu these 

 bizarres of different stripes and grounds a very valuable 

 botanical catechism of just the kind of knowledge you 

 now need. 



The culture of these bulbs (and they grow in many or- 

 namental fenns readily) will be found a good study for our 

 young florists, One rule you can adopt its a guide. What- 

 ever situation aud culture gives you a good hyacinth will 

 give you a good tulip. In pots, vases, aud even in hang- 

 ing baskets" the tulip makes a tine show, and in the hands 

 of our flower-loving ladies may be made to assume nume- 

 rous pleasing and original aspects. 



We close this paper, already somewhat long, with the 

 names of a few old favorites, always true to their nomen- 

 clature, viz:— Admiral do Constantinople, red, finely striped 

 with orange; large yellow, striped with red; Von Baden, 

 crimson, "striped with yellow; Perfects, yellow, scarlet, 

 and green. To these you will add fine mixed doubles, at 

 about seventy-five cents per dozen. As the season for the 

 sale and planting of these fine bulbs will soon be at hand, 

 at the earnest request of some half dozen readers of the 

 Forest and Stkkam we have given them these carefully 

 written observations of our own manner of successfully 

 cultivating most of the varieties of the tulip. 



N. B.— Inquiries relating to this department always 

 promptly answered whenever accompanied with a reliable 

 name; never without. Ollifod Quu.i.. 



Tree Plantinu in Nebraska. —There is something 

 impressive, even poetical, in the way Nebraska is working 

 out the problem of how to cover her broad landswith trees. 

 Some years ago Hon. J. Sterling Morton, of Otoe county, 

 conceived the idea of making tree plantinu- a kind of holi- 

 day, uniting work with pleasure. This gentleman founded 

 what is called in Nebraska, Arbor Day. On the second 

 Wednesday of each April every farmer throughput the 

 State was requested to plant a siugle tree at least, or as 

 maiiy more as he felt inclined to. On the first Arbor Day 

 of 1871 two millions of trees were planted. This year the 

 State Board of Agriculture endorsed the original plan, and 

 have even recommended that the day be made a legal holi- 

 day. Each owner of land is recommended to plant his 

 tree, and the State Board has agreed to award a prize to 

 the person planting the largest number. One industrious 

 man look the prize this year, having set out no less than 

 27,800 trees. Dr. Holmes once told a strange story of how 

 all the world agreed to shout out at the same time, in order 

 that the people in the moon might hear it. As the hearing 

 power of the inhabitants of any other planet might not be 

 as sensitive as their seeing faculties, perhaps in lime Ne- 

 braska, all covered with forests, may show to other worlds 

 a physical aspect of a novel character. But jesting aside, 

 if only this experiment could be carried through for a lim- 

 ited series of years we might find that certain modifications 

 of climate most beneficial to man aud agriculture would 

 take place. There is something very grand, even noble, in 

 a people devoting a portion of their time and energy to 

 producing a growth of timber, which, if it benefits them 

 in their life time but very little, may be of incalculable ad- 

 vantage to generations coming after them. People in Ne- 

 braska arc striking a balance with the future. It would not 

 be amiss if the dwellers in the older States, imitaling 

 younger Nebraska, should institute Arbor Days. 



Uie fflemwl. 



GORDON SETTERS. 



Phii.ahbi.puia, September 4th, 1874, 



EDITOR 1'ORKl-T AND STKKAM :— 



The opinion ot Mr. Theodore Morford, of Newton, X. J., 88 wall as 

 that of Mr. Horace Smith, of Philadelphia, in regard to the source from 

 whence comes the r-.re<UimiiLHiiiig black and tan color of the Gordon set- 

 ter, is in accord with mine, and I quote a portion of Mr. Morford's letter 

 to me iu relation to it. tie says: 



"In icgard to the wherefore of the black aud tau color of the Oordou 

 it undoubtedly comes from the biack and tan honnd. My knowledge or 

 the matter 1 received from the gentleman who presented me with the 

 imported Gordon bitch Philis. He became thoroughly acquainted with 

 the breeding of the slock tthile abroad, aud stated to me that the Duke 

 of Gordon greatly admired the color of the black and tau hound, and 

 knowing that the hound, when itfirst caught scent paused for an instant 

 and then gave chase, conceived the idea that by crossing it wiiti the set- 

 ter he could obtain the color he wished and add endurance h'j -<. tl..in». ' 



Mr. Smith has owned, at different times, setters of the Welrttet stock, 

 and has never doubted the hound cioas in thel 

 week, it is not probable the. Duke of Gordon w 

 and endurance by tile introduction of Scotch coliy blood iu his breed, 

 and where we know he used the houud in the make up of the "Webster." 

 iB it not feasible, at. least, to suppose he practiced this cross before? 



"Homo." 

 VVHU ill due deference to Mr. Mot-lord, Horace Smith 

 and our friend "Homo," we beg respectfully to slate that 

 that. I be breed of the Black and Tan Setter existed in Eng- 

 land before the present head of the Gordon family was 



born. It is true that Lord Go 

 this admiration was simply 



•don 

 fat: 



better or improved strain 

 some splendid specimens 

 true Gordon is not black n 

 black and white, with tar 

 down the legs. The Wei 

 an experiment of Lord Go 



although 1 

 if the sett 

 id tan, as u 

 cheeks; 



ired the color, but 

 not as a mark of a 

 as successfully bred 

 ter. The color of the 

 usually understood; it is 

 d eyebrows, find spotted 

 Rake and Rachel, were 



dun's.uud made to order,as he was 



so devoted to the black and white harmonizing with the 

 rich golden tan. They were full brother and sister, and in 

 color black, white and tan; the great preponderance being 

 black and white, with large, clear tan spots over the eyes; 

 tan on each side of the^aw and balance of the face; tan 

 inside of all four legs; black and tan at the root of the tail, 

 with a long, white, silky flag at the extremity, all 

 the rest of the body black and white in large 

 patches. The one-eighth fox hound, which was bred tn 

 the Webster setter, was as we understand from a gentleman 

 who afterwards owned and shot over Rachel, purposely 

 crossed in this manner to suit the Americans. That it, is 

 the opinion of several of the best authorities on uog-breed- 

 ing in England that the original production of the black 

 and tan colors in the seller was formed by the amalgama- 

 tion of the old black wavy-coated spaniel aud the red 

 Irish setter, was thoroughly tested by a gentleman who 

 writes to the Fancier's Qaaette and states: "Having heard 

 the "Gordon Setter" was originally a cross between the 

 black spaniel and red setter, I obtained a red dog and 

 black bitch as well bred as I could get; the result whs a 

 very handsome and perfectly marked black and tan, well 

 feathered on fore legs and tail — the hind legs lightly 

 feathered and coat wavy. When about eighteen months 

 old I trained him with much difficulty to take the water." 

 If so much can be accomplished in the first cross, the wavy 

 coat might easily be taken out on the principle which Mr. 

 Laverack adopts. — Ed], 



OPERATION ON A CLUMBER SPANIEL. 



Stratford, Conn., August 29th, 1874. 

 Kditok Forest and Stream:— 



I have lately returned from a visit to tile interior of this State. WiiuV i 

 absent I heard of the following instance of the instinct of the dug. H hich 

 you are at liberty to utilize under the proper head in your paper: The 

 animal iu question is a Clumber spaniel six years old. A few mouth* 

 since this dog had a tumor on his hind-quarters, sdlanje and prutub ng 

 as to push aside and disturb the 



i lie. 



ope 



(1 belie 



had bci a 

 not being 



mature), but to the evident relief of the animal, sine 



,ay," says my in - 



formant. his master, "the dog drew my attentioi 



to his condi- 



tiou by rubbing himself against my legs as I was at 



vork at. my sliop 



bench. After awhile 1 comprehended the meaning o 



f this action, i 



took him out of doors and directed, him bv word of co 





to lay down on a wide plank. He retained the position 



whilst 1 went, to 



the neighboring wood pile, got a stick to place under tl 





raisiughis head, and whilst thus extended submitted w 



tl i atniRg 1 s 



aud with but a Blight vocal utterance of pain when the 



knife w»B Itw ., 



awaiting patiently the termination of the operation and the cleansing of 

 the wound afterwards. The result was successful, and the animal soud 

 recovered his usual vvonted health, strength and natural appearance, add 

 when I saw him a cicatrix alone marked the place of the operation aud 

 served as the text for this story of his suffering and of his sagacity , 



I can corroborate the statement of your correspondent "O. H, II.," in 

 your issue of the 3d Inst., with reference to a dog pointing the lend 

 turtle or tortoiao from my own knowledge. Very many years ago I 

 brought over with me from .England a brace of pointers from Sir 

 Thomas Stanley's kennel, near Liverpool, purchased from his keeper. 

 after witnessing their performance in the field. They were of both se:<ct . 

 and had been used for breeding purposes. The dog quite old— too much 

 so, as I afterwards found to Dear a change of climate, yet having all the 

 recommendations of game, style, aud breeding, I was fain to select. Be 

 died too soon lo reaiize my anticipations of his excellence in the field, or 

 to benefit by Ins use in the stud. This veteran surprised and annoyed 

 me much at first by ids repeated drawing on and pointing at the turtle, 

 and not until after constant ratings did he rind out the character of ths 

 game and discontinue this habit. The. bitch, high conraged and staunch, 

 proved herself worthy of her lineage, aud education. "Shnex." 



CORRECTION. 



Editor Pokest and Stream:— 



Permit me to correct an error of mine, caused In copying the pedigree 

 ofMr.Theo. Morford's young bitch Queen, which was published in the 

 Forest and Stream of the 3d inst. Rodman's "Bob" was Incorrectly 

 designated imported, and as all pedigrees should be guaranteed and re- 

 liable, I am unwilling to have that of Mr. Morford's stock recorded un- 

 less perfectly correct. ' 'Homo,'- 

 •+*+■ 



JUDGING ON THE SHOW BENCH.-NO 7. 



THE DANDTT5 DINMONT TKRBIEB. 



HEAD long and powerful; ears pendent, about three 

 inches long and almost V-pointed; jaws strong, 

 eyes brown and piercing; neck strong and muscular; 

 shoulders rather low; chest wide, hlack, long, and level; 

 fore-legs strong-boned and full of muscle; tail carried 

 gaily, and slightly feathered; coat at bottom pily, outer 

 hard and wiry; general outline "vermin-looking." Several 

 colors are admissible— blue-greys, mustard, reddish-brown, 

 or grey-pepper. 



...SSILegs 



..,:;:>! Keet 



. ..'J5|Stern 



lo-ioo 



THE 8K.YB TH1UIIKR. 



Head long, but outline smothered with coat of a long and 

 and wiry texture; eyes, when seen, brown; nose black; 

 jaws powerful, with a set. of good ivories; shoulders wide; 

 back long; stern we'd flagged and carried straight or nearly 

 so on remarkably short ""legs; in fact, when in full coat, 

 without the dog is moving, you cannot see he has legs at 

 all. Coat longhand hard, free from crimpiness, but straight 

 and' lying Hat, equally divided down the back. 



This dog, as now exhibited at the first Scotch shows, has 

 too much the appearance of the Yorkshire Terrier. 



There is another strain, termed prick-cared. The ohly 

 great difference is in the ears being carried erect, which 

 certainly gives it a more jaunty and brighter appearance. 



Color may be black, black grizzly, dark grey, dark brown 

 or fawn; pure white is rare. 



FOENTB IN JTTDGINQ, 



Head aJILega short lo 



S OOStek 1"*-"* 



Length of body U>| 



— Fautier'ti Gazette. 



