FOREST AND STREAM. 



too 



SHAD OF ALL STZESTAKEN WITH BAIT 

 OR FLY. 



EniT'iK PoBBST AMD STREAM:— 



Dili rwing letter, from a brother of the angle, I have 



no doubt, will interest both you and your readers. Ashe 



i reply, 1 will do go through your columns, and try 



to throw some light, on points not generally apprehended f— 



WM-niMiTON, September 24fcU, 1(174. 

 DkAH Mb. NoRRrs:— 



1 want i unto decide a decidedly knotty problem for me. I will com- 

 monceatthe'very beglonlm.'. About two weeks ago my brother-in-law 

 left a final] fob. Willi ma. lie had a basket foil Of the same Mrt, and 

 nil nearlv of a size. The fob was, I should jay, about S& Inches loo?. 

 liver and I took if to Hi- Smlth»ontnn the Oexl day, and a few day Mter- 

 wardH.told.me that Pntf. GDI raid it was a shad. These were caoghl 

 with worm halt STrro for the next fact Pot the lasl wet* or ten il-rys 

 we hft' '■ boon ca'ching from the Long Br:rt'.-e. and In boats— fislilug with 

 minnow boil, very email, and just helnw the surface— the greatest quaii- 

 liiy of.iish of Hie Aloia genua that I ever saw. Those fish will. 1 think. 

 average di nrlj fiftet n inches i" length. Some of them are nearly, if not 

 quite, a- lurce as the Bliad we buy in market in the spring. Ptof. Gill 

 nails fheoi the Atom eupidiioAmi. 



Now for another f.i.-i [can go oat almosi any evening; and wirlt a 

 snwll fly catch Utile shad of a couple of inches In length— this year's 

 Iniiriiing. I presume, is far as I can it-firn from » limited experience, 

 ■■'•■!/ are h ii,i-..i, Oten 

 ijq to yiili witter, and com.- both lite t/tint year /tfS grown, gro« iug tibont 

 ftve inches the fixat year, and eight or ten tbenext, Hy - 



yOUT hook and otber .niihonnrs. die .1. ><i,.i<Jif-<imi i- iln- -a i.« 



bit l am so i ngaged thai 1 cat 



from :•.• nal | ersonal obeena ion. if that i- true, We have at the present 



bean water, all b!z< a of sha :. fro n the full grown down |o 



ind that's jtwt what bothers me. They 



th ir h tbits, or the authorities are Wrong. The nel fishermen, ami many 



Others h- roabouts, call the Bsh wo are now taking fresh water tailors, and 



1>. s.— They arc die Laimc-t Osh lever caught; take the btlftrighl by 

 the head, and' make, a fly rod "hump" itself. .Wait your reply wiih great 

 anxiety. Truly, 0- A. Brandt, 



In reply to ihet'iict first stated toy Mr, Brandt, I would 

 say that many years ago, tfhen I fished with a bow-lino 

 dipsv for perch in August, I occasionally took young shad 

 of the size mentioned by Mr. B., *'. e. six inches long, in 

 water from fifteen to twenty feel in depth, and have since 

 heard of their being taken in the same way. .These fry 

 were undoubtedly the produce of shad that spawned early, 

 say in May or June. The smaller fry, those, of two inches, 

 which are" so easily taken with a small fly from the Long 

 Bridge, are from Ibe ova of the late spawned. I have also 

 known perch-fishers, on the "Hen and Chickens," a rocky 

 shoal in the Delaware, eight or nine miles above Phila- 

 delphia, when fishing for perch in September, to take shad 

 varying from twelve to fifteen inches in length. They 

 would come in schools and bile voraciously at the worm 

 bail and not far below the surface. This corresponds with 

 the second fact recorded in Mr. Brandt's letter. 



Mr. Theodore Lyman, of the Massachusetts Fish Com- 

 mission has thrown more light on the growth of shad and 

 I heir migrations, to -nd from sea, than all other writers on 

 ibis subject. From information gained from old net-fisher- 

 men, and from his own observations, as shown in his 

 various reports, lie lias clearly established the fact that shad 

 go to sea Ibe autumn of the same summer they are 

 hatched. That the females remain at sea two years. That 

 many of the males, perhaps all of them, return to their 

 native rivers when not ovet a year old, as they are then 

 pubescent and the reproductive instinct impells them to the 

 rivers. When varying in length from nine to twelve 

 inches, they are known on the Connecticut as -'Chicken 

 Shad." la one of the reports alluded to, mention is 

 made of the great numbers of such young shad that are 

 taken in herring seines aud rated and sold as herrings, or 

 properly speaking, alewivcs, Tor the herring proper, 

 although called by that name, do not enter fresh waters. 

 That young shadVill rise at an artificial fly is natural, for 

 flies and lava' are their natural food. Mr. Lyman has de- 

 tected aud given the scientific names of such flies taken 

 from their stomachs. This naturalist lias also discovered 



,i foung ad have teeth, which the adults have not. 

 The male salmon, as well as the male shad, is pubescent, a 

 year earlier than the female. That, shad remain in the 

 rivers two years, go to sea, and the following summer re- 

 turn full grown tisb! is a notion that, is now obsolete with 

 intelligent, people who have given the matter attention. and 

 thought. When female shad return from sea the first time 

 they" weigh from two to two and a half pounds, are not 

 merchantable bsh, and hence, are not brought to mat ket. 

 It is almost certain that the shad mentioned in the second 

 fad given by Mr. Brandt, as well as those taken at the 

 'Ilii! and Chickens" on the Delaware, were "Chicken 

 Shad"— males. 



Lappidixxima is a specific synonym of our shad. It is 

 more generally known as A, pPOestaMUs. 



Thaddetjs Norris. 



Newfoundland Cod akd Seal Fishing.— From the 

 reports of the Newfoundland Chamber of Commerce we 

 take the following:— "For 1873, the export of codfish 

 reached 1,1569,205 quintals, or an increase of 148,049 quin- 

 tals on the quantity exported in 1872. Accounts from 

 Labrador indicate a favorable commencement of the fishery 

 in the Straits of Belle Isle and on the southern part of the 

 epast, (a later report extending a like success farther north.) 

 The seal fishery presented the novel feature of young seals 

 being found in an immature condition a fortnight later than 

 in the average of years. The destruction of old seals, par- 

 ticularly by steamers on second trips, is considered by 

 many to be. more injurious to the future of the fishery than 

 killing the young in the first part of the season; and the 

 startling and exceptional features of the springare, by some, 

 attributed to the great number of old seals destroyed in the 

 two preceding seasons. The catch of seals in 1873 was 

 403,331 producing 6, 835 tons of oil: whilst the catch of 

 the present spring was 385,158 seals, calculated to provide 

 about 4,000 tous of oil, or a deficit of 2,835 ton», as com- 

 pared with '73, tire deficit being more apparent in the yield 

 ol oil than the relative number of seals would indicate." 



Room for New EkttbuEKiSE, — ■ The Jacksonville Republi- 

 can says the State of Florida has a mine of undeveloped 

 wealth in its oyster beds. The oysters of Matauzas Inlet, 

 Cedar Keys, Apalachicola. and Peusacola are unsur- 

 passed by any in the world in size and flavor, and they 

 offer a fine field, for lucrative investment. An extensive 

 trade is done at Ceilai Keys aud other points in shipping 

 in the shell, but if they were canned it would be more 

 profitable, and there would be no limit to the extent to 

 which the business might attain. And in this connection 

 )Ucan further says that the business of canning 

 meats, fish, fruits and vegetables has become very exten- 

 sive in all sections of the. country, and is enlarging every 

 year. In Florida they have an abundant supply of green 

 turtle, fish and oysters, which offer a good field for Invest- 

 ment and enterprise in the canning business. Such vege- 

 tables as corn, peas, beans, and tomatoes can be grown 

 and put up in many parts of Florida with profit. In a few 

 years we may expect to see a lucrative business iu canning 

 guavas, pine-apples, banana?, figs, grapes and other fruits. 

 The Southern oyster is by no means to be despised. There 

 is a tendency in oystersto grow in longer shells Soulh than 

 North. Around Savannah we have eaten very fair oysters, 

 called from the peculiar color of the meat, tnulattoes. 

 Prawns and shrimp might be put up at the South, aud 

 sold advantageously iu our Northern markets. 



—We take, the following fish items from the (Jape Anne 



Advt rtker ■. 



On Saturday last, some huudreds of porpoises un- 

 fortunately for themselves, got into the shallow water be- 

 tween the' shore and the bar in that town, and were at- 

 tacked by a batallion of boats. A large number of the fish 

 were caught — perhaps two hundred — and each will yield 

 eight to ten gallons of oil. 



Schooner "Mary L. Harty, of this port, took 150 barrels 

 of mackerel at one haul, on Tuesday of lasl week, about 

 half way between the Shoals aud "Whalesbaek. A large 

 force of extra hands was hired to take care of the lisli, but 

 at dark the schooner's decks were still covered. 



Schooner John Atwood of Provincctown, has lauded in 

 the last five weeks 720 barrels mackerel, making 2,000 

 barrels lauded by this vessel this season. 



Schooner Wave, Captain Kelly, has arrived at Plymouth 

 from the banks with 850 qtls. fish— the first full fare 

 which has arrived here this season. 



Late arrivals at Harwich report a heavy gale September 



7th, upon Bank Quero. Schooner Magnolia lost dories, 



.1, tongues, etc., and had a narrow escape. Another ves- 



The Hi 



.vn for 



•el are still 



hav 



•els 



sel lost mainboom, gaff", dories, for 



report a scarcity of fish, such as has not been 



years. 



A correspondent at Boothbay says : " The fi> 

 along the sliore is fast drawing to a close, and fl 

 fleet have about all gone West, although mneki 

 caught inconsiderable numbers. Boals with 

 Within a week, have caught from two io four b 

 the fish being very large~ aud fat. The vessels 

 in too much of a hurry to get West, aud therefore we have 

 got ahead of the fish."" 



The Port Hawkesbery JS'ews of the 2d inst,, says that 

 there are about thu-ty sail of mackerel catchers at the 

 Magdalen Islands, aud that they are doing well. At. East 

 Point, P. fi, I., there are abot one hundred sail of vessels; 

 mackerel are reported to be plentiful, but no bite. 



Tub Gloucester Fishing Business and Market. — 

 During the week ending September 26, fifty-two vessels re- 

 ported at Gloucester, Mass., twelve from 'George's Bank, 

 with 310,000 pounds of codfish; eight from Grand and 

 Western Bunks, live with salt codfish, aggregating 480,000 

 pounds, and three with 41,000 pounds "of halibut; thirty 

 from mackerel trips; twenty-eight from off shore with 

 3,475 barrels; two from the Bay of St. Lawrence, with 400 

 barrels, and two freighters from Canso with 2,500 barrels 

 of mackerel. George's codfish is in good demand and 

 scarce, with an advance in prices and firm at $5.50; Grand 

 Bank, $5.25; Western Bank, $4.50. Fresh halibut is very 

 vauted very much. The few arrived this week 

 ven cents per puuud for white and six cents for 

 [•kcrel off shore are in lieht receipts. The 

 ept clear, selling as fast as received at §13 to §9 

 I twos. Bay is scarce, selling at. $10 and $8 for 

 ones and twos. Smoked halibut is eleven cents per pound. 

 Cod oil fifty cents per gallon, and the market is firmer iu 

 oil. 



—A strange fish, about the size aud shape of the herring, 

 is being caught in large quantities in the> Potomac Rivet, 

 near Washington. The Star, of that city, wants them in- 

 vestigated, to determine what species they belong to. 



— A special dispatch of the 12th ult., from Quebec, says 

 that intelligence has been received from Magdalene Island, 

 North Shore, to the effect thai the fishing of all kinds has 

 been very poor, particularly the cod-fishing. Should the 

 catch not improve before the close of the season, there will 

 be much distress in the fishing district. 



PICKEREL vs. TROUT. 



old f 



market 

 for ones 



Lakes, September 86th, 1874. 



Editor Forest ant) Stream: — 



The decrease of tront. in tint Adirondack waters is a frequent subject of 

 remark. This splendid game might now he abundant euough to satisfy 

 the wants of all true anglers, but for the greed of fishermen, who, tiliud 

 to their local interests, have pursued it out of season, aud by the most de- 

 structive methods. Another enemy to the trout now exists hare in un- 

 limited numbers. Six years ago, last, January, thirteen pickerel were put 

 into Long Lake, llamilcon county. The Kaqnette waters below this 

 poiutuow swarm with this voracious fish. The following fact is report- 

 ed for the purpose of throw ing light upon the relations ot pickerel to the 



Raquette ltiver a pickc.c'l. which rose several urn, - 



he was able to seize it with his hand and lake it imo his boat. TheOah 



It had swallowed a large tront, whose M 



IlUG.'jCioiIS fl.-ll had ml-'.::;] ' .':•.' ' ' ■-. -' 



Bcel was twenty-four inches loug aud weigl 

 The tiout — u female— was sixteen inch, 

 three-quarter pounds. 



I will add here that, another supposed enemy of the trout, the black 

 bass, which were put into the headwaters of llaqne'te take a few year/0 

 ago, have not, as yet, been heard from. W \V £, 



et in its month! The 

 •stomach. The pick- 

 andoue half pounds, 

 ind weighed one and 



THE SALMON FISHERIES OF OREGON. 



THE enormous wealth of the salmon fisheries of the 

 Pacific Coast can be appreciated only by those 

 acquainted with the region, and to them it seems incal- 

 culable. 



Every stream from Alaska to Central California, which 

 is connected directly or indirectly with the ocean, teems 

 wilb the finest types of the salmonida? known to science 

 during the spawning season. The greater number of the 

 species are. fit for commerce were they properly prepared 

 by canning or barreling; but the fact, that only one variety 

 is caught and exported, and that 1,000.000 lisli were cap- 

 tured in the Columbia River alone, in EOttr months, proves 

 the abundance of this denizen of the deep. This catch 

 averaged sixteen pounds each, which would give a total 

 weight of 10,000,000 pounds — a qnautily apparently sulti- 

 cii lit in supply our people with all the piscatorial pabulum 

 required; yet it does not even supply a tithe of the 

 demand. 



The fishing, which commences in April, lusts lour 

 months, and employs in that time two hundred aud fifty 

 boats and about five hundred men. exclusive of tho?.e 

 engaged in preparing the fish Tor market. The cat, jh was 

 very large the last season, and its profits are evident, when 

 we learn that it was valued at $1,952,000. 



Each boat engaged in the fishery is valued at §250, and 

 allowing that the paraphernalia costs as much more, we find 

 that the total value of all the bateaux esgaged in the busi- 

 uess is .$125,000. The fishermen receive tye tty-flve cents 

 for each salmon, when delivered on the wharf of Hie CXim- 

 pany for which they work. According to this calculation, 

 the five hundred men engaged in the fisheries last season 

 averaged $500, or about five dollars in gold per dieui for 

 every day of labor, which, exclusive of Sundays and holi- 

 days, would be about one hundred days in 'he four months, 

 Tliis is an excellent, salary for laboring men, and one fiom 

 which they should, in a few years, he able to lay by a 

 sum that would enable them to engage in the exportation of 

 the salmon themselves. Some enterprising men have now 

 made an effort to utilize the salmon that run in the rivers 

 of Northern California, and though these streams may not 

 afford as good localities for the development of the fishing 

 industry as the Columbia and its tributaries, nevertheless, 

 they have conveniences enough to make it a very-profitable 

 one. This business cannot be overdone. For a constantly 

 increasing demand exists for the prept.red salmon ot the 

 Pacific, aud the demand comes not only from the Atlantic 

 States, but also 1'romEurope, the Sandwich Islands and the 

 leading nations of the Orient. Thousands of dollars could 

 be invested in the enterprise with the utmost safely from 

 even temporary embarassment, aud the profits would, ap- 

 parently, be reckoned by the hundreds per cent, instead of 

 the simple numerals. 



The salmon fisheries of the Pacific are yet hi their in- 

 fancy, hut when capiyil is directed to their development, 

 they will be fouud one of the best audmosl profitable enter- 

 prises in the country, as the supply of fish is always large 

 enough to furnish all that can be prepared, demands for it 

 are always brisk, and finally, all the business is on a cash 

 basis. These are elements of success that will be appre 

 elated by all engaged in commerce. 



Intional ^H§times. 



uvek: 



— The contest on Ibe private grounds of the Knicker- 

 bocker Club at iloooken on October 12, attracted The 

 largest assemblage of spectators seen at a Knickerbocker 

 game for many years, the gathering including many of the 

 old admirers of the game who haif not visited a ball match 

 for years past. The veteran nine opposed to the old Knick- 

 erbockers included Bb.uy, the old pitcher of the Eagles of 

 18535 Grum, the once noted short stop of the Eckfords ; 

 Thorn, the veteran pitcher of the Empires, as also Miller, 

 their old second baseman ; Cohen, the old catcher ot the 

 Gothams of I860 ; Scoil, the catcher of the Hobokeu Club 

 of 1861 ; Leavy, a veteran of the Empires, aud Stokem anil 

 "Prank" of "the Gothams. Among lliose preseui was 

 Cameron of the Empires, old .Mr. Holt of the Excelsiors, 

 Veun of the Gothams, Vales and Howe of the Eagles, and a 

 number of the old aohool of ball tossera, who not seen the 

 game played since the old lime contests of a dozen years 

 ago. As a matter- of interest to all base ballplayers, we 

 append the full score of this novel contest i 



KJUCKERBOCKEKS. 



Davis, p. . 

 liissan. t I. 

 Purdv. 1st 

 S tail Lou. till 



! IB I 



I In 



_ ii|Bixb}-.8d b 2 4 1 



. 4 a -J il.ilioin, p 4 8 3 2 



.315 OlGmni, s, s u 4 I 4 



.3 11 ililicr, latp 6 S II ti 



.fi 3 n Olotokeus, 1. f I a o 



3 2'0 (i Cohen, c 3 1 3 



Hensel.s.s 1 a 2 yXcott,3u li 5 4 1 



Thomas. -In b I 1 3 t-'rank, e. f 3 3 1/ 



RigUler, (| 1 S 4 a heavy, r. 1 13 



Totals ao ir is s ToWs -.maris 8 



1st id 3d 4th 5th 6th CotaJ 



Knickerbocker Z -i » 8 8- 4 ao 



Veteran ... » 4 B 10 I fi 31 



Umpire — Mr. Ohadwick. Time of game — 1 hour aud till 

 minutes. First base by errors, Knickerbocker, 0; Veteran, 

 11. Runs earned — Knickerbocker, 5; Veteran, v. 



After the. game the Knickerbockers handsomely Iter 

 taiui.il their guests at Duke's Hotel, Hoookou, where about 

 twenty sat down to a suniptuctis least. 



—The best game of base ball played in this vicinity this 

 season was thai 'net ween the Red .•stocking ami Atlantic 

 clulis, on the Union Grounds last Wednesday. The score 

 at the end ot the ninth inning was a " tie," each side 

 halving scored three runs, so that a tenth inning had to be 

 played lu this inning the score remained unaltered, 

 although the Athletics made three good hits, their lasl 



