f FOREST AND STREAM. 



293 



hear no resemblance to the- Jiorse. A most striking pirn 

 liarity of the Oalifornia burfts, and "no which baa doubtless 

 observed by hunters, is their savage disposition after 

 rreinir wounded- After being pursued for hours, and ar- 

 rested at length by a bullet, they trirA suddenly on their 



pursuers, ami make di pi battle. This movement on 



ilie.ii' par!, as may be imagined, generally^ creates consider- 

 able cxialomi ul ■Hi 1 i > nei r, i i u orted to un! 11 a 

 leaden messenger lias been felt, the gallant bearing of the 

 animal is of but short duration. The vouisouof California 

 is pronounced the finest in the world." 



4 



A. NEW SPECIES OF FISH. 



. 1874. 



'. mii>. W.isiiiv.T.iv 1> ('.. Tl.'i-.Miili.-r 81 

 ..■ aTittuvji: 



an.l lici-iiliiir il-'i iliui had lit'ii lukcu in :i .lip nel Uj Sti 



while ratc'ill I some magnificent brootc trout which he 



hasliml in nil .vin:irinm for » «»■ years past. The new BshwasabOul 



ino inches inn?, color of n |icreh, »iili ww-.' bars of black, two dor- 



--.! tin-, ope large nnil one bill 'li.nl;. developed. I;- motions «v. re like 



those of a.gar or bill fish; lyinifvvry quiet atthc bottom, il wonldetid- 



ipldrj aufl come n. ;... abru.nl strip, '.rite br ■■.!. hi Which they 



ware c&Ufrhl had furnished minnows fur pike bait from time immemorial, 



i . .;,. it hoa it- rise m springs among 



the hills tii the northward and westward ..r Little lull-, and empties into 

 the Mohawk above the fail*, iinfl about three miles above an old foeder 

 through bgsinnudao.ned.uct with theErie canal. Koflso 

 •if this ... -.-r.piii.r. h:i- »-v,t ti.f.n.' been Fount! iii this In. ink, nov knnivn 

 iu this virlnilv. The year before a stock of California Ralmonhad been 

 •,»:.n-e.l in Mi. bi KJk. I bromjht the specimens in alcohol te Prof. Baird, 

 Qhohaswrillen me the accompanying Kittur in regard to them. Which 

 u-fflliuot b L. A. )Ii:mimi.i:, 



1 SIT 



Mv Dkmi Caw. nu\r.Dfi.EK:— 



kind, nr 

 vhn is A 



write yd 



•, i 



V 



THE "DEVIL WORM." 



• •nbii l.',tb, 1871. 

 Editok Pi'ia:- 1 ! axo Stream:— 



• >.f a worm which I ttfecovcred In-; ilcck. 

 ltlaonc ifthoehotnics of tin ill fish. Its home is in the mart thai 

 grows on stick? muI stones ihmnnlng sti loutone and ;i 



liatr inches Inn,'. Ii iviie; live aim- about 'l.r. c fourths of no. Inch long. 

 It watches for ii- prey by I) trig concealed in He. m..-s « ith iu head pro- 

 truded and its arms spread out each way. Ii baa a small head, urat looks 

 iike '-'food foi li-iics." and when the small frj coma to lake it the worm 

 wraps it: arm- annuel Us victims and 'I .' ilirs tliom. i ours, 



&KTH CiHKKX. 



I Tin -• v.i.nn. are umloubtcdlj th,C larva- ft tin- dragon 



fly {family libeltulitloe ) Thej ,ue especially destructive to 

 gold rish, and we have known a single "devil worm" to 

 oat live small fish a quarter of an ineii long in an hour.] 

 -Ed. 



CENTRAL PARK MENAGERIE. 



Deienjbcr 12th, 1S74: 

 One Opossum, Videlf. 



ty* Ftrglniun-1. 1'r ,-.>iit,..i by Prof. J. W. Hall. 

 TUJcs Isuees, Oedlcmmvs bUtrulm. Uab. Central 



rn Is. tit ev/« ■:■>'!■■':. Presented by Commander 

 P. Lull. L'. a X. 

 rutted Porcupines, BysDilfcrislaKt. f&b. Africa. 



\V. A. i"M: r ■ . 



foodland, Eawn and (garden, 



this sup wood, 

 early wood, and also, 

 did or transmit a 



ALTERING AND PRUNING OLD APPLE 

 TREES. 



IN a furnier nuinoer of FoEEST ami Stki.am I gave the 

 treatment necessary 10 render an old apple orchard 

 productive. In this article I will speak of still older trees. 

 Trees thirty years old require a different treatment from 

 those of fifteen to twenty years' growth. The wood of an 

 apple tree being made up of annual layer-, will in very 

 thrifty young growing ireesbc found of half 'an inch in 

 thickness, and composed of large, open cells, through 

 which Hie sap (lows in lull volume'. Like -., well anil heal- 

 thy man, full Of good blood, they live only 10 grow and 

 bear well to certain stages.. Whenever the tree becomes 

 old and enfeebled, either from ncglccl of culture or over- 

 bearing, from wan; of llie stimulants which at ibis particu- 

 lar time it requires, the c< lis become smaller and the layers 

 thinner and thinner, until their growth becomes almost im- 

 perceptible. Now, every well informed agriculturist 1; 

 that the .sap of the tree ascends t 

 which is composed of layers of j 

 that ilie layers of the latest format: 

 larger proportion of sap tbaii the older 



Sow the above information should be known to the or- 

 'ii.ii.ii-: as -well as the scientific author and agriculturist, 

 for it belongs to bis domain, If, therefore, our readers 

 will please give their careful attention to what 1 write 

 about these old trees, 1 will try to make my teachings inter- 

 esting ami profitable. 



la I be first place, nothing worth having is usually to be 



obtained without care and labor, study "tiud observation; 



therefore I say to my friends, commence at the commeuee- 



ipth cia; er of the bark and examine 



toward the centre; here you find lees and less sup in each 

 successive ring of wood; presently you reach the very 

 heart of the wood, where no sap is found. This is dead 

 of no i it has no vitality in it. I have 



frequently pronounced— in the course of my observations 

 of all orchards — trees as "dead at the heart," and have 

 rarely found my judgment, wrong. Such nee-, pevci do 

 much, even with the very best of culture. I have found 

 in different sections of country a different result. In our 

 Eastern States Lhave found many old and young trees, 

 i' How nor over sixteen years old, that gavo every 

 prestige of old age; they were dying slowly, and at the 

 same time inevitably For them there, was apparently uc 



help. Now comes the important question, What will 

 you do with these trees'? Is there not som • remedy by 

 which they can be saved a little longer-, is (he axe to be 

 laid at the roots of all these frees? All the fertilizers or 

 cultivation in the world would not save the extremes! 

 scion. Let us try both together, and note the results. 

 Some fifteen years ago 1 was called to examiue an old or- 

 chard of apple trees of a very large, size, and some of 

 which being natural fruit their lops were some seventy feet 

 from the ground, tbc trees being originally planted by the 

 COws some ninety or perhaps a hundred years ago. These 

 old trees grew upon the meadows of the estate of II. W. 

 Longfellow, and were there in the davs when W usliington 

 bold" bis headquarters in this historical vicinity. 



The question again recurred to me. What simll I do with 

 these old trees? Onogood agricultural friend advised me 

 to cut them down. The owner said, by no mean--, spate 



tin. in ye! a little longer, and make an examination of them 

 wiih reference to future treatment, 1 found some of them 

 measured two feet and upwards al the ground, growing in 

 Cold, clayey meadow land. 'I"be\- L'lcw mar to a Woody 



enclosure, ami were very tall. With from I' to i\ large 



limbs branching from the main trunk fifteen tu Lwenti feel 

 from tile ground. 



[t-wasnoosi lo graft these trees at the near extremity 

 of the branches, as dsual in cleft grafting; thej • 

 uicli altogether to admit of it. All the extreme limbs and 

 small i. ranches bore fruit yearly of ft diminutive size, and 

 and good for cider only. Ialso found upon an examina- 

 tion tbal from the force of lae wind several of llie larger 

 limbs bad been broken oil some thirty or forty feet from 

 the ground, and bad sent on! suckers all along and around 

 the trunk ; near the portion just where they were broken 



off, - .' of these suckers hall become of sufficient size to 



graft with tbc ordinary cleft graft, li cam.; lo mv mind 

 thai here ua:- a .a- ei.ailv m.i laid down in anv agricul- 

 tural journal, and consequently 1 bad no law or precedent, 

 but in i i — t become a law for Inyself. In my future examin- 

 ation oim faei plainly revealed itself to my mind. Hint as 

 the sap rises slowly in trees as lbey.grow older, or ascer- 

 tain circumstances "predetermine, I found all the sap arising 

 had been used up and absorbed by these suckers and the 

 apple- on tbc extreme ends of tbc thrifty branches. One 

 fact please notice here, Ihal wherever you find Ibc-c sap 

 shouts about the centre of llie tree you have an indication 

 that there is -till hopes for this old'trunk. These lives, at 

 tlic age of un years or less, if -tatted, would have yielded 

 a plentiful harvest, Bui in those daw- tbey did not care 

 much about apples or tipple orchards. 



I commenced operations on these old trees— some twenty- 

 uvc in number— by reducing the height of then! some 

 twenty feet, ami by cutting off the limbs With a very fine 

 saw, taking can uW to Mart any of the bark. Some of 

 tfiese Cuts would measure eight inches in diameter for tlic 

 larger limbs, down lo four mid even lliree inches. When- 

 cvi r D good strong shoot u;h found to make a good limb, 

 it -was left for the usual method of grafting for the next 

 year, llie main limb being cut off one, foot above tbi- shoot. 

 Now the treatment of the large limbs cul off was by crown 

 grafting— a method of grafting mad.- by inserting all 

 around the crown of (he limb scions ..!' from half an ineli 

 to an inch in size, made of the most thrifty scions to in 

 had. This is easily performed by use of a nice little ivory 

 tool, with which I he outer bark is removed, and the scion, 

 sharpened all from one side, inserted; when necessary, the 

 scion i- to be shouldered. These scions were sel two and 

 a half inches aparl, a small strip, of cotton or cloth of one 

 inch in width being lied around the head of the scions to 

 keep) them in place. These were covered with grafting 

 wax. and left unlii the following year. The trees were 

 scraped, and then washed with a composition of cow ma- 

 nure, clay, and potash. The next year every other scion 

 in llie crown of the large limbs was sawed out, and the 

 processof a new bead formation was taking place, much 

 to my satisfaction. On the succeeding year every other 

 limb— for they had become quite large now — was sawed 

 out, and a good, strong, lirin head had grown out from my 

 trees. 



Since that period I have bad numerous letters of inquiry 

 a- lo how to handle these old trees of the forest and farm', 

 and 1 have given one only of more than a dozen of well 

 noted experiments made by myself among the old orchard 

 incorrigibles. 1 never recommend such treatment unless 1 

 find iiiueii vigor of root in old subjects, which may be 

 known by a profusion of suckers about llie bodies of large 

 trees. 



Such treatment, you? will understand, will not give you 

 a very ornamental "tree, as we learned in our lirsl experi- 

 ment^ but we can assure you that the fruit these old trees 

 bore in after years was proof positive that it was a com- 

 plete and remunerative success. Oi.i.ir-oD Qlii.l. 



Tnr. sulci. i s Stock qe AV.vn-:u. — The surveys au- 

 thorized ley Ibe last Legislature to determine to what ex- 

 tent and at what probable cost llie immense accumulation 

 of water in the Adirondacks could be held in reserve and 

 drawn upon as needed for stale purposes, result in the 

 following conclusions ■ 



First — That immense quantities Of Water can be safely 

 stored at u comparalivelylow per contnge of cost on the 

 L'ppei lluil.-on. niosi of which is now worse than lost, as 

 il runs to waste in the Spring freshets, which in various 



ways arc the cause of great damage annually. 



Second— That ibis excess aUSnc is sufiicienl to supply the 

 deficiency of the main river at the low Summer stages for 



loo days, .'.Her a liberal discount for any losses in its 

 passage. 



■*■» 



>- SAVE tub Moose, — The following petition is in circula- 

 tion in Maine, aud will be presented to the next Legisla- 

 ture. We called attention lo it some three weeks ago: — 



"The undersigned, hunters, trappers, sportsmen, farm- 

 ers, merchants, ami business men of Maine, respectfully 

 represent that the moose of our forests are in great, danger 

 ol extermination, particularly from the inroads ( ,f Canada 

 Indian-, who cross the boundary in seasons of deep snow, 

 /jewing I ii it destruction as already Certain, our own hunt- 

 ei> have decided Lo strip the forest at the earliest opportu- 

 nity. We therefore earnestly pray lb.it SO valuable tin 



animal may be protected by suitable* legislation. Our for- 

 es! lands areas capable of producing their crop of meat 

 as our 11] led fields are of grain, and without other outlay 



than that for protection. 



"We would propose an act which should prohibit thi 

 killing of moose fir jh+ >/e«.)% and direct the seizure of the 

 hides, al ai; se&so; lien i ;ound " 



the MtnneL 



THE IPJSH SFANIEL 



PREVIOUS to his departure for home, Mr. ,T K. Milner. 

 of the Irish team, gave us a description of the famed 

 Irish water spaniel, and as ho has received seven- i pi I ■■'.-• 

 for the dogs of this breed that he has placed on rjihibition 

 on several occasions, wo consider him Hie most competent 

 authority on the characteristics of the animal. He says 

 that throughout Ireland llie brown water spaniel is found 

 quite generally, but that Ibe best breed is somewhat scarce 

 and is confined to the kennels of a few gen.leuien. This 

 strain is readily known by its marked pec.'.liarities. The 

 larger the dog is Ibe boiler il is appreciated among fanciers. 

 The body ;s round an I -itoiiirly made, Hie legs are rather 

 short, the feet broad, the hind quarters or stern should be 

 short, broad and tapering t.> a (inc. sting, and covered with 

 short haii like a pointer, Some have sboit, crisp curls, and 

 ill this case there should lie. no straight ila.r o.-- friii/c. 



The bead should not be broad or course; tb • nose should 

 be long and free from wave; Lht ears should lie long and 

 so broad in tb" leather thai they will meet across flic nose, 

 and be covered w ith llie long ringlets which give tin- animal 

 sui i a striking appearance. A moustache is considered a 



-ign of bad blood or impurity; so Ihi- i- an iinp.irlanl point 

 l ■ lie considered by purchasers or breeders. 



On the forehead, between the ears, there is a long ringlet 

 which bant:- down bel ween the eyes. This is one of (ha 

 ni.-st important signs of the thoroughbred, and should be 

 carefully noted, as someav* inclined to wear a "wig," in- 

 stead, and [il this case such a peculiarity is most objec- 



Tbe leg- , if tbc pure blood are heavily feat lured with 

 ringlets, Whilst the remainder of the body is covered With 

 short, crisp curls ol a rich, dark liver color, entirely free 

 from white. A breed in the North of Ireland, known H s 

 the •'L.'iigb Neagb.'' differs somewhat from this descrip- 

 tion, and though all are splendid retliovi IS, y. ; they are 

 KOl considered as good as the type described. They am 

 readily recognized bj their, "feathered" lail. 



As a rulrlcver, llio Iii-h spaniel panuol be surpassed, 

 especially hi LIS own cl.tnenl. the water, so that no moro 

 i-ahiabie d-.g foul be found for duck or goose shooting. 



. . — -*.»■ — 



AN AMENDED PEDIGREE. 



WE have received the following letter from Mr. F 

 r'urman Taylor, of Colt's Neck, N. J., the owner 

 ot the celebrated orange and white setter Sanoho,. better 

 known us the one-eyed dog. in which be wishes lo cone ; a 

 former pedigree sent us and witic' 1 our readers will remem- 

 ber we published. Wfl luku pleasure in giving this 

 amended pedigree lo our patrons, an I arc happy to nolico 

 the growing carefulness with Which our sportsmen an; 

 keeping such records; this the Eokkst and Stream. has 



ually advised (i 

 in America, a 

 ingwehavemt 



ownorjtttiabreadei 



noffiaparffcctlyrel; 



iding to improve our slock ol field 

 d we take not a little gratification in 

 erially assisted to this end: — 



00 of one-eyed Sancao soma ii 450, r<?nt 



1 not- ( imptebe. I have obw l it rinee 



oil' uf t'r eh ibl. N". J.,who«a'i .i!»i tbo 

 hivi. lb : ,1 in-.l .1 mi of lay do::. ■ Vmnlpr- 



, I diij 



inlitr 



acoonnior ill - yubliiatlon Of the Ural 



T. I-Y::m 

 01? ONE-EYED ••* AXfllO '• 

 Sancuo, of T F.Taj lor. 



.-■■i iii- ilo'j-. imp. 



l,v l-iT.l.ai.k Fir-, 

 Of l r.e.tniry, N. J. 



Setter hitch. 

 imp. by V 

 Karr.of Oroii- 

 bu.y. X. J. 



.Iiil.'. imp. by Una '1 Sclnmok, of X. J. 

 < Kate, imp. !!• ••: Iriali, of Goo. C. Collinrn. 



Tin: I'tioe. .-en Kiaiii Show OP Uoi,.- — Wo learn that 

 among the members of Hie Philadelphia Sportsmen's Asso- 

 ciation .there is quite an agitation In regard to n lioneli 

 Show of dogs l.i take place some time after the preseal 

 shooting season closes. Although the matter lias taken no 

 decided shape, and im- uol a- yet been discussed al a meet- 

 ing of the society, we have strong hopes, owing lo ihc in- 

 terest tun, appear- lo be taken, Unit an exhibition of this 

 description will be Cll'ttUtged, and under the present board 

 of directors we caOIJOt doubt of its success. As lit] H- 

 lastratioh Of lh« confidence which a friend of the 

 I'nKi.-r ami Stream has in the financial success of a 

 movement of the kind, the ri uUeman expressed a willing- 

 ness it guarantee agaiusl it loss in such nu enterprise, pro- 

 viding be could have Hie profit accruing therefrom, and 

 be given the privilege of offering prizes for poultry in con- 

 nection with the Bench Sin . 



Tuii Of.i:t i OK f'i liianvEU Nose.— The cleft or dOllbk 

 nostril appears to Jiavo been at one time it semi-cliai'Hciei- 

 isiic of the Spani ] ■ Ii i nd Ireqi llj present in a 

 breed of the same do...' in France, wjhji I 

 brought, from I3paj| ' purely bred En^ 



