FOREST AND STREAM. 



327 



allowing the rig of the first vessel in to determine the class 

 to which the prize is to he given. There, can he no doubt 

 that in strong winds when cutlers have to reduce sail, yawls 

 Of equal t outrage have a great advantage, and of course 

 much more if as is generally the case thry are racing in a 

 class below their actual tonnage. Thus a yawl of fifty-two 

 tons, wilh her reduction of one-fourth can in most clubs 

 enter and compete in the forty-ton class and actually claim 

 time for a ton as well, hi heavy weather this \v oulcl give 

 Iter a very great advantage, as 'her size smd. extra power 

 would he" of the greatest, value. Whether she would he 

 successful or not in average weather remains to he proved. 

 but its a yacht of this size'is now being built at Fairlie for 

 the purpose of racine; in the forty-ton class, we may be en- 

 lightened on the subject next season. Acknowledging the 

 importance of this extra tonnage, the Royal Ulster Yacht 

 Club have a rule which debars" schooners and yawls from 

 entering at their reduced tonnage, so that a vawl of the size 

 above mentioned would have to race under rules of that. 

 club in the class over forty tons, getting her full allowance 

 of time for her reduced tonnage. This rule appears to be 

 founded on a sound basis, but whether correct in practice 

 or not we axe not prepared to say. The yawl rig has he- 

 come so fashionable since the wonderful success of the 

 Floriuda that it threatens to become in reality what it has 

 so often been styled, viz., the "Uig of the Future;" so that 

 the laws respecting it should be carefully considered, and 

 if necessary revised, in order that no injustice may he done 

 to yachts built for racing purposes under the existing regu- 

 lations. But although we think that mixed races are use 

 fid and interesting for I lie reasons staled, we quite agree 

 with the general desire for distinct races for each particular 

 rig, and as there is now quite a sufficient number of each 

 to-ensnre plenty of entries, and abundance of money to be 

 raced for, it would be a great improvement if all yacht, 

 clubs gave such prizes at their yearly regattas.— Lund and 

 ]Vatcr. 



♦•♦■ 



RIGGING AND SPARS. 



STREAM. 



When a person thiuks of getting a bout butltiine of the first things It. 

 decide is the rig. This is often a very puz7.1ing question, us each stylo 

 has some good qualities not possessed by thu others. 



For a small yucht-say not over twenty-four or five feet long— T con- 

 sider the. Newport* or cat rigs to lie by far the inosi, desirable, as there is 

 bill one sail to manage, and they can be managed by one person easily, 

 For inside work, mid dodging about among islands they arc unsurpassed, 

 us they work quickly and sail close to the wind. As it cites they are 

 quire fast. Their greatest fault is that they generally carry a heavy 

 weather helm, which makes a large rudder necessary. In most oases 

 this defect can be mure or loss remedied by the proper arrangement of 

 ballast. 



For yachts over twenty-five feet in length, a sloop or schooner rig is uo 

 doubt the best. When a man wauts a boat bujt longer than ili.e. obex- 

 pects to get il pretty rail' sea boat, ami eat tig- .'. -a. -rally speaking, do 

 otcoine up lo the requirements iu this direction. True, there ate im . p- 

 lion-i. The "Crosby," which made the trip from Boston to Fieri. la lust 

 Winter, was cat rigged, ao was also the "Francona," which made a simi- 

 lar venture a year or two before. For my part, t prefer a sloop rig to 

 any cither fur boats between twenty -five and forty font in length, either 

 fur speed or comfort. Many advocate that- a schooner is a better sea 

 boat, as il is easy to drop the foresail and run under jib and mainsail, or, 

 if it comes very heavy, a reefed foresail alone can be hoisted. But when 

 asloop under close reefed mainsail and nu jib cannot, stand it, there is 

 not much chance for a scbo jner. Then, when it comes to racing, a .-loop 

 has all her canvas in two or three sails, while a schooner has it, in four or 

 five, which makes the former sail much faster on the wind. 



There is one mistake, which is made by nearly every yacht builder, and 

 i hat. is, having the spars too heavy. It does well enough when there is 

 hardly a breath of wind, but as soon as it blows any, the bad effect is 

 seen. There is no need of having heavy masis; they do not, contribute 

 to a, boat's speed, and light ones will stand all the stiain which should be 

 brought to bear on them. Wlieu there is a stiff breeze it is folly to carry 

 aprcssof sail. Long, heavy topmasts arc also a hnmbug. it is a good 

 plan lo have the topmasts so rigged that they can be slid down at short 

 notice, as they are on the English cutlers. It is the heavy mast which 

 prevent* "Newport bolts from being good in rough weather, and makes 

 them dive so. Within a year or two, however, this diiliculty has been 

 partially overcome by the introduction of hollow masts. The mast is 

 split, open and scooped out inside aid the two halves are then fi.rnly 

 bolted together. This does not take away much of the strength. The 

 boats having them ride over the waves much more easily than those with 

 solid masts, and sail mnch faster. Most of the clippers have them now, 

 or will before next season. As yet they have bceu used only iu New- 

 poris, but berore long the larger yachts will probably adopt them. I be- 

 lieve tkey have been used in ships before now, so that It is not a new 

 idea. C. F. «. 



♦♦*- — ■ 



WINTER YACHTING IN N. CAROLINA. 



Newbebn.N. C, Decemboi SO. 1S74. 

 Editor Fonr.ivr xvv Stbkam :— 



Situated as we are, midway between the extreme cold weather of the 

 Northern States and the oppressively hot suns of teveu in Winter) Flor- 

 ida and the Gulf States, we never think or laying up onr yachts, except 

 for repairs. We enjoy the most delightful cruising: ol the whole year in 

 the months of December, January and February, upon the Neuse Hiver 

 andramlico Sound, and New Year's day is usually a beautiful, warm 

 day. For the last three years, on New Year's day. the indies or my 

 household have sat with the windows open receiving caller.-, in attire you 

 of the North would think fitting for Long Branch. Yet we have suttl- 

 cicnt frost, to dri.'e tho rattlesnakes and such varmints into their holes, 

 and exterminate, for the time, at least, fleas, flies ami niosquilns, and 

 render our waters a delightful resort for countless thousands of wild 

 fowl, driven by the extreme cold of the higher latitudes to our conge- 

 nial clime. 



I have just returned from a six days' cruise m search of that rather er- 

 ratic gentleman, Mr. IS. H. Bishop. On the evening of the 11th Inst. 1 

 leeolved a telegram from Norfplk, staling that Mr. Bishop left that city 

 on the 5th. 1 had, before he left Philadelphia, agreed to meet him in my 

 yacht at some point on the coast, probably Portsmouth, and bring him 

 uiitoNmvbern; so when I received the above message, supposing he- 

 was anxiously awaiting me. at either Portsmouth or Koannkc [aland, I 

 made haste to get under way for whichever point the wind and weather 

 would permit me tlrst to reach. 



Atllo'cl»rk, then, on the night of the tlth, accompanied by some 

 friends, Wi- buarded the Julia, found side lights up, it warm lire in the 

 stove, water breakers all filled, plenty of pro 



guns 



niti'l 



, &c, 



,-ilh a 



make the keel slippery, uud by the way, Mauix thought tit the start «' 

 had better take a little, just to help get, started, and ol cbnrse, wh,e 

 through the blockade we had to splice the main brace w .el, clear .: 

 the uhstructiuns. we turned in, leaving sailing master, CapL Davis, I 

 the wheel, and our crew of one mail on deck. About 3:3(1 in i he mini 

 tog, hearing the jib rundown, 1 arose, and found we Were in the mot.t 

 or Broad Greek, just at the mouth of the Neuefi Rrvdr-, and forty mill 

 from Newheru— a good harbor, and into which Oapt. Davis hud run, bi 

 cause of the threatening appearance of the weather. Five o'clock saw it 

 W mir, under weigh, with it strong N. B. wind and tough sea, passing the 



Neuse Paver Light House, hair an hour later, hailiug and receiving a sa- 

 lute from the genial Dick Daniels, principal keeper of the same. Order- 

 ,he Captain to shape his course fcrKoBUOlSB Island, we gave our nn- 

 led attention to a breakfast of broiled Steak, coffee, &c\, but by the 

 the steward had made things tidy again, our ••giant,'' S. gave signs 

 warned us that There 18 a limit to human endurance beyond which, 



spartioulcu oasc at I r,.i-.n would be unsafe: to pass. The wind 



,.i ; .-.y i, - , i sweeping the whole length of the sound, and kick - 

 ip a sea ste h ■• >i ' mi I i '. tth nowhere nine— short and chopping. 



Hjngi .•■,-■,.:-,- Reluctantly wb kepi oil' uud ran Furtbernoi 



i ,- 1 -,- , • ,. tretun-tothe northward and eastward of Fluey Pomt 



Slio 



•. but s 



ill craft like ours 



inus; run well up. Anchoring under the lee of the N. R. marshes, wc de- 

 terinin. d to have duck for dinner: so taking my Remington double bar- 

 rel. Willi Cnpfc, Davis, wc landed on the marshes, and creeping Ruletlj ' 

 the edge, saw three shufflers feeding within gnu shot, two of which fell 

 beneath the Captains eliciting aim. Culling the boat, and leaving Davis 

 the Point, I was rowed np a small creek, and secured two more us 

 they flew past, me, making four line fat ducks, two of which we call 

 "water witches," us the result of au hour's raid for dinner. 



The, wind lulling, at 1 :3fl P. M. got under weigh; but before sunset 

 were becalmed on the sound, with every appearance of a gale. All on 

 heard were anxious to make a harbor, and it seeming fated that we should 

 not reach the island, as soon as we got steerage way kept off toward 

 Portsmouth, a little lown live miles below Ocrokoke Inlet, on the south 

 side of the sound. It soon became evident, that, wc should not reach 

 there before morning, SO iu view of the threatening appearance of the 

 weather, ran fur Snuthwesl Straddle Light House, marking Ihe south- 

 west puiii! of "Royal Shoals," and under which (the shoal laying in the 

 form of an inverted V) a goud harbor can be made in all except, south- 

 east winds. Anchored at. about midnight close to the light, the keep- 

 er of which, an old sea dog named "Rue," sent us for breakfast a line 

 lot of oysiers. We reciprocated by going iu a body and making a 

 tour of inspection through the whole esiubli.-hmcnl:. The light is of the 

 ;i :tl, order, fixed and while, while, the one on northwest point, two and 

 one eighth miles distant, marking Ihe northwest, point of the Royal 

 Shoals, is u Hash light. Cunt. Hue keeps everything in splendid order— 

 ftborfi as, clean as scrubbing can make them, and brasses as bright as pol- 

 ished gold. 



At about ten o'clock we got. under weigh for Portsmouth; but after 

 taking 0E id a pilot to carry us over the swash, concluded to go in- 

 stead to Ocrokoke, being informed by the pilots that Mr. Bishop had not 

 arrived at Portsmouth . We afterward deeply regretted this resolution. 

 From I he time the pilots boarded ns we sailed through thousands and 

 thousands of wild fowl, a large portion of which were hrant. Had we 

 am 'hoied and gone upon one of the many shoals or oyster rocks near u-. 

 1 doubt not we might have shot large numbers. Wc anchored at Ocro- 

 koke time enough to make all secure before night; anl after a good 



ieln/s 



it'll B 



••ikf.ist 



lolw 



paid a visit to the village of Ocrokoke. It consists of a few scat- 

 tered houses- the homes mostly of pilots and wreckers— two or three 

 stores, two wind mills, and last, but the most prominent of all, the light 

 house, a brick tower painted white, about eighty-one feet high, sur- 

 mounted with a light, fixed, of the third order, 1 believe. 



The channel, running along iu front of the village w here ire anChOMSd, 

 is call •■Tea.'h's Hole," after the noted p irate Teach, who was kid-don 

 board his vessel, it is said, in a hand to hand fight wiih ihe .-aptain of an 

 English man ol-war in 1780 or ',..,. while al anchor there, The sailer.-, say 

 that Teach had a ilieaui the night before, ami iu the morning called all 

 his crew alt and told them he would have a light and be killed, and that 

 thl , .... , i ,: Ij&ert: to go ashore if they wished; that they all left tile 

 vessel except him.'and that when she, was boarded by the English, after 

 a long light between the captiiiuaud Tench, the caption, by a well directed 

 blow," cut the head of Teach clean off. and that Teach then sprang over- 

 board, cutlass in hand, and swam twice around his vessel before he sank. 

 (Bring on another horse.) They also say that before the tight began he 

 em ptiid sixteen bushels of gold and silver overboard. Mr. Editor, do 

 you imagine Ihat is what makes specie so scarce! 



If Tench's gang were scattered on the banks, one can more readily be- 

 lieve the fearful stories current many years ago of the dreadful cruel- 

 ties or the wieckers towards the shipwrecked milliners cast upon this 

 portion of our coast. Teaeh's Dole came near proving a resting place 

 for the Julia, if not of her passengers andciew. We had made all se- 

 cure for the night (.Monday night, 14th instant!, and were playing whist 

 in the cabin, when the watch on deck said he heard a roaring nois, , and 

 thought it must be a steamboat, but could see no light. Concluding it 

 must he, the sound of the breakers, we went, on with our game, when 

 presently, with a roar like a thousand thunders, a hiiiricane burst upon 

 us, careening the Juliauver ou her side. Before we could reach the deck 

 she was dragging her anchor at an alarming rate, wind northeast. Being 

 ballasted with iron we bent on to lines Ihree large piece-, weighing come 

 eighty pounds each, and still she walked off with iliein, ami as n [as< ... 

 sort we gel on deck and overboard a large iron bar, weighing some ggo 

 pounds, "before she brought up. All this time the wind was blowing a 

 perfect hurricane, picking the waler up and currying it in torrents clear 

 over the yacht, and as she came head to the wind her stem swung around 

 and crashed down on the shoal lo leeward of us. We expected every 

 moment that she. would break up; but thanks to Him who holds the 

 whirlwind in His hand, we escaped. The swirl of the tide, fortunately 

 on the ebb, cut us around and off the shoal, so that after the first, few 

 haid thumps she struck but seldom, and after about two hours the wind 

 canted into the north, and we were out of immediate danger; but we had 

 uo flood tide nntil the next afternoon, owing to ihe force of the wind'; 

 that, is, uo current, the water rose, of course. For twenty-four hours it 

 blew a gale direct from the north. The mall boat at Beaufort was cap- 

 sized, and three men drowned. Another bout, wilh four men on hoar,], 

 was lost, and all drowned. We made signals of distress— tiring Roman 

 candles, guns, etc., hut got 00 assistance. 



Wednesday affemooii, concluding from the weather that. Mr. Bishop 

 could not possibly get even to Roanoke Island, from any point he might 

 be upon the Currituck and Albemarle Canal, and It being equally irapoa- 



iible f 



d foi 



or the 



iud.'l 



ret nt 



rip V 



Before we made the mouth pt the river it thickened up 

 al im, -spiuUs, and all day Thursday it kept us under twet 

 ails and storm jib, cauliug to the southwest, then west, and 

 i heat dead to windward nearly all the way up the 



.: 1'i.iti: 



, of hii 



led :,., 



grill 



tsiii.itiih) about the tilth; but from the high winds 

 satisfied he is still above lioiiuuiio Island. 

 il down iiga.u in a day or two after him, and at the 

 umbel' ol" letters, etc., received in my cure fur the 

 icci fully, J. E. West. 

 -«*»■ 



TJoyal Halifax Yaciit Club G.VLor. Wc have received 

 from Rear Commotio. c Alex. W. Scott, or the R. II Y. C, a spirited 

 pk-cc of mii-ie wiih the above tHIo, c,. moused by G. Raineii, Esq;, baud- 

 master 1st Butt. II. M. lililh Royal titles, and pnjill rhed fuJ ihfc.cjjib by 

 the St. Jo:... amiHaiiiax Steam Lunngraptrine. Company, it is embel- 

 lished with a breezy vignetie till.-, n.-pies.-niiug vessels "' the fleet close- 

 buuled to windward, rounding a stake buuy. Our thanks to Ihe. Commo- 

 dore, and our best wishes Tor the well being and Well doing dl ihe I 'ml.. 



Calico Ball. — The Flax Mill Association will hold a 

 complimentary Calico Ball this, Thursday evening, Dec. 

 yist, at Irymo; Hull, Fifteenth street. We BpHnOyfJedgn 

 oomplimitoit : ' [Gjftfl ■.■■■rutary. 



Jfiiswets $JJo g%ori[cspontlcnf$. 



> imparl and hope lo rfctirt 

 nsrUur anil piofa-siwiul s;.' L :rCs- 



nablf Question* thai fall. ,:f/l,ip 



>i/h,: fill ,','».' ,',.';:,,,;,,,,.,, /,' ,', 



{^"W'e will positively answer no more questions through our Corres- 

 pondents' Column ri.nii anonymous writers. 



V. M. D,~ What size gun should 1 get for grouse and squirrel and 

 small bird shooting, and where can I set the gun? What is the price of 

 a good mnz7.lc twistdnuble barrel gun? Ans. 1. A 1-1 bore. 2. Any 

 responsible dealer. 3. For fine twist, $i!S. 



I P.. T)., Cleveland, -t understand that some gentleman In St. Louia 

 has, or is about to patent, a new paper shell with a conical base, in my 

 estimation a great improvement on the present shell. Do you know 

 anything or it? Ans. Only what rumor brings us. If im enters would 

 be just to themselves, they should iuform us of any Improvements they 

 make in lire anus. 



./. P. M , Jr., Lawrence— I am anxious to buy a breech loader, and am 

 indonbtas to what, maker lo try. I see by the last number or yoi u 

 paper that you recommend Scoti, Dongiill, or Richards. Some Kngiish 

 gentlemen lately recommended me to try Lang or iteilly. What do yon 

 think of their guns, as compared with those of the makers 

 yon mention? Ans. Both Lang and Iteilly make excellent weapons, 

 but as we have often asserted, each individual has his own tast i . 

 matter of purchasing a gun, 



II. S, B., Milton, Vt.—l would like some Information In regard to the 

 frog trade; would be pleased to get. the address of parties in thai busi - 

 ness! Ans. Write lo Mr. Smiley. WaterLruv n, N Y., practical frog cul- 

 lurist, and lo Selh Green, Rochester. There are parties at Kingston, 

 Canada, and also m New Jersey who raise frogs for market. Eugene 

 Blackford, Fulton Market, can give you full Information. 



T. W., Leeshnrg. Va.— Can the Coste hatching tray he used outside of 

 a hatching house? Can it be covered over any way to prevent interfer- 

 ence with the ova by any one? I can't find out from Dr. Slack's cata- 

 logue, or any or the works on fish culture. Ans. The Coste tr..y is bet- 

 ter adapted for the experimentalist who wishes lo hatch a few in bin 

 house or office, than to the practical fish ciilturist. Dr. SHi C k did rise 

 them in bis hatching house, but no other large opeiator does. Fur out 

 door hatching use a trough, with either gravel, or, better, wire cloth 

 trays to lay Ihe eggs on. Have the trough firmly fixed and a cover to 

 lock it shut. See article by Fred Mather, in Forest /lnd Strea.ii Vol 

 II, No. It. 



S, W. Donon, La Grange, Ind.— Can speckled tront be raised in 

 brooks or this t'tate? T have a farm with four good springs, also a 

 small stream running through the farm. These springs are about forty 

 rods from the creek. Cm I ditch from those springs and raise trout ? 

 'there will be about ten feet fall from Ihe springe to the brook that ruua 

 through the farm? Ans. We cannot give, yon any satisfactory answer 

 wilhout being made acquainted with other important couditlons of soil, 

 tempera! ure, Ac, that you do not name; and these being known it 

 would require a page of our space to give, the requisite information. Wo 

 have already printed dozens or papers on Trout Culture, conveying all 

 necessary Information. Better buy Livingston Stone's book, called 

 "Domesticated Trout." 



Eari-el, N. Y. Where can I get yellow or green pike, pickerel, white- 

 fish, and lake bass, averaging from two to live pounds apiece? g Whore 

 can I find a fishery on Lake Ontario or Erie, as near New York as pos- 

 sible, to supply me daily rrom April til! the middle ot June wiih ifJO or 

 100 grown .-turgeon? I have to be at the shore w hen they are paoght, be- 

 cause I need them alive to prepare ihe. sturgeon eggs for cavaire." Ans. 

 You had heller visit some of the fisheries on the lakes in person, both 

 on the, American and Cadada sides. Take branch H. Y.C. R. R. from 

 Iiochesler lo Charlotte, and cross on steamer Norseman; good fishery at 

 '- Boat House, Black Rock, N. 





La 



.C he- 



ll On I a 



t beliei 



t pri 

 The 



it.ti 



•efei 



Rettcr go to Uswego 



to at Sandusky mamiractui 

 and then up Ihe lake and a 



B. F. B.. Springfield.— What arc the markings of the true Gordon set- 

 ter? Some say black and white liberally dispersed, wiih Ian cheeks and 

 tan about the tool of the tail, .vc. Such is the marking of a colored 

 sketch by Lauds, er. Bui ihe Gordon setter of the British dog show, and 

 thedocsof that ilk sold us by the inercantde Briton are ah black and 

 tan, wiih very lime whin-. <i-..'. .v sg.vy ,.\ MS . 'j'| lcro i a a dillerence of 

 opinion in regard to the color of the old breed of Gordon Setter. Vr-.- me 

 taatol eve rrom Sionehenge's remarks in regard to this dog, that 

 I.:.. ■!:, in ami white, us well as black and tan, were the colors. Tha 



seller of lo-day, as judged at bench shows, should be a glossy 

 lith clear Ian of a rich red. Some fanciers dispute as to wheihcr 

 white frill is admissable. 



C. F. T.— Will you be kiud enough to give me a description of a Flor- 

 in "water turkey," that I see frequently spoken of in Forest axd 

 trea.m? Ans. The Water Turkey, or SiiatoBird IPbttu'tmlUnga) la 

 resident of Ihe rresh walers of Florida. It, if about two feel, in length, 

 ith a stretch of wings of three and one-half feet, An odd-Shaped Wtd,' 

 Hide for diving ac.l swimming, wiih a neck and head resent tiling a 

 lake; a yellow eye. glossy black plum age on the Hack, and when In full 

 lather with a eream colored breast and belly. It U very difficult to kill, 

 ivingioitshabitofdiiiiieat the flash, ftttd swimming a knur distance 

 uder wilier, or with only I 



black, • 



small slicks in 





or five pale bli 



e egiis in 



habits, and pu 



ely a we 



—swimmers, i 



nd rami! 



En. S., New 



York— I 



quail; I have i 



very go. 



buy and Wiutt 



r them u 



Southern quni 



? Frieii 



lew years ago, 



round tn 



out. Is this gl 



net-ally t 



would be prefi 



it.l.le l,,r 



lie S.1JS It Will prevent litem ftr.l, 



sides, the breeding sea on bej ins 



quail. For full pa. ticnl.irs liovv 

 ticle in Forest anii Stream, Pel 

 M,, care of P. 0. Thoiutis, Thrum 



i head sspesed 



It b 



t.liisa nostol 



April. This bird 1 



•atei 



, and lays four 

 lie divcrin its 



jcluugingto the. 



nlei 



Of Ai71i(/l//v.s 



darters. 







Input out in the 



Sp 





keep them. Wool 



1 vo 



i advice me to 



t till inter! Wha 

 r eggs, and none 



iy information vol 



t do 



you think of 

 >.ew Jersey a 

 torn were bred 

 Vr.-teru birds 

 ■■ quail, Mild at 

 d friends that 

 lid give a, to 



onld be of tire it 



liter 



•st to many of 



bleed 'i'iiiil, i,s 



f thl 



■ 

 \.ns. By huy- 

 priug, and be. 



refer Western 

 llustraied ar- 



13, 1S7I. For live. 



qu 



id, address K. 



— Thu dog show held in Birmingham, England, rceomly, 

 iv.tsa miisl ilfitiilod tsiicccss, tho best strains of blood it! 

 England being represented. 



♦•*- ■ — , 



—The. steel works o£ Alfred Knipp, of Germany are 

 pTOabttXjly fclurj largest Industrial works in the world ' 'Tho 

 shops cover 900 uteres of ground, and contain 380 steam 

 engines and 70 steam hammers. The number of workmen 

 employed iu 1872 was 11. Dull, having; doubled in ten years, 

 In lha't year there were in me iu the shops 550 mel 



v uns, 300,000 cruubies and 900 tool machine?. 



