FOREST AND STREAM. 



373 



grating early in llic Spring, so that by the 1st of May 

 ry spread themselves over Europe, returning again in Hie 

 >nili of September. The inhabitants, who -watch for 

 lir coming as eagerly AS our American sportsmen dr. for 



■ migratory birds, net them in great numbers and sait 

 an down in barrels, and export them to different (JOUtl- 

 ?s. It Jins been said, but with how much truth the read- 

 miifii judge for himself, that Or. Franklin, prior to his 



:ii'f, was supplied with twenty bai rels thus pre- 

 'ed. Louis Figuicr tells Us JJitit the "Bishop of. &L6 [al- 

 tof Capri, situated in Hie Buy of Naples, receives an 

 - iia ! income of nearly $8,000 from the duty he bus bli- 

 nd upon Iradimr in ipiails killed on the island, which 

 nTlerw irds sold in the markets of Naples. From which 

 bus received the name of 'Bishop of iho Quails.'" 



)ur bird is the Orlt/x Vuyiiuiiiiux, (Hon.) not a quail, and 

 y easily be known by having the under parts white, 

 Bed wiih brown, anteriorly, each feather with several 

 row, obtusely V shaped bandH of black; forepart of 

 'k side of the breast ftDd in front below the black collar, 

 ull pinkish ted; top of the head reddish; lower part of 

 neck streaked witli white and black. This is the most 

 lely distributed bird of the partridge family in the Uni- 

 Sl'ates, of which there are none in the old world, ex- 

 it those which have been sent to England for breeding 

 hposos. On this point, however, wo arc told that our 

 i, which by the way is a very pugnacious one, either 

 troy-, or drives off the English bird. The meat of the 

 ■open u ipiail HHnio codirnix) is very dark and fat, while 

 t of our partridge, or quail, as it is called in this State, 

 variably lean and very white. The English quail is 

 ch longer lived than our bird, living usually from seven 

 dfeht years, while the latter seldom reaches five. An- 

 er marked difference is in flying. The foreign bird does 

 fly more than one half as swift as the American, and 

 tar, more than one third as far. Strictly speaking, there 

 ,o bird in America which could be called quail; but as 

 om regulates names, as well as everything else, in- 

 id of partridge, it has received the name of quail, by 

 eh it will undoubtedly be known while (here is one iu 

 Knee. The genus oityx embraces all the species more 

 ess resembling the bob white of the United States, 

 tdco, South America, and the West India islands. An- 

 il' species, the Ortyx texemvi (Law), is very similar to 

 Ortyx Yirgiitiiii'UH, and is found in Southern Texas and 

 valley of the Rio Grande. From its general appear- 

 e and" markings, one would take it to be out' boh white. 

 tough somewhat smaller, the chief difference lo a close 

 orver is in The markings, which are of much grayer 

 de and more extended," and conspicuous mottling of 

 her-.. This light mottling is, perhaps, more distinct iu 

 female than the male. The stripe behind the eye has 

 re black, and the feathers on the top of the head are 

 3k, margined with brownish yellow instead of being 

 dish and black. 



'he Oreortyz pichia (Baird), or plumed partridge of Cali- 

 ila, also called a quail, resembles the Ortyx Vtrr/iirianu* 

 icwhal; but this species has a crest, or better known as 

 top knot, which is usually from three to three and a 

 inches in length. The female resembles the male 



■ closely with the exception of the crest, which is 

 icwhal shorter, and, like that of the male, consists of 

 i straight feathers. This bird inhabits the mountain 

 ges of California and Oregon toward the coast. An- 

 er genus, the Lvphtn'tyx Galifornieus (Bon.), also called 



California quail, inhabits the plains and lowlands of 

 ifornia and Oregon, and takes the place of the bob 



tc of the Eastern United States, and is not found in the 



uulnins. This species is the most numerous of the 

 med partridge family of the far West, and yet is very 



n taken to' be the same species wbicii inhabits the 

 iintain ranges. The meat of both are the same as that 

 our bob white, while their habits are nearly identical. 

 ;y lay from twelve to fifteen eggs, and arc said by some 

 also two broods each year; but on this point there is 

 liing authentic. Another species, the Lop/tortyx gam- 

 ' (Nntiall), also called the California quail, resembles 



bird very closely with the exception of the crest, which 

 jiiger than its bill and head, while the L. Culifornicus 

 a crest not more than half this .cngth. One (L. gam,- 

 f) is found iu the mountains, while the L. CalifornicM is 

 . "The former species is easily known from the latter 

 having vertex and occiput light, smoky, olive brown; 

 ;head whitish; spot in the middle of the belly, orange 

 stunt; feathers of breast, with narrow black edge; sides 

 jody oliveaccous plumbeous. Tiie L. gumbdii has the 

 .ex and occiput clear, chestnut, brown; forehead black- 



spoi, iu the belly black; more of the belly feathers 



black edges; sides of body chestnut, and has a crest 

 nirplish black feathers." — Baird,. This species is very 

 lty in parts of Souora and on the Upper Rio Grande and 

 i to the Colorada of California, and in these limits it 

 ears to replace L. Califmiikvn, which is peculiar to the 

 alern slope. This species is called in some localities 

 ;re it exists as Gambel's partridge. Of the Calipepea 

 era there is but a single species, termed the Calipepea 

 imuti (Gray), which inhabits the valley of the Rio 

 nde, and is very abundant on the broken table lauds 



mesqulte plains. This bird, unlike the species men- 

 ed above, has a crest of soft, broad, elongated flattened 

 hers. Hunters and naturalists term it the blue part- 

 EC, and it may be said to be the only one of the West- 

 partridge family that bears the name of partridge in- 

 ,u of quail. From very meagre information obtained 

 larties who have closely observed this bird, it is of a 

 .liah tint, with no marked contrast of color. The Mas- 

 part ridge, Cyrtonyx mtussena (.Gould), of which there 

 two species, one of winch is found on the Upper Kio 

 nde, while the other species, V. ocelattm, is found iu 

 .ico only, and differs as widely from its North Ameri- 

 ally as "the ruffed grouse does from the common prairie 

 , and may be said lo be the most beautifully marked 

 ;ies of the entire partridge family, 

 lie reader will observe that all the birds mentioned 

 ye, from the Kio Grande west, to the Pacific coast, are 

 ued, while those in the Eastern United Slates are not. 

 s it not look reasonable, then, that our Ortyx Virgiui- 

 s, or bob white, and 0. texanus ought to have been as- 

 .ed a. different generic rank. Of the partridge family, 

 legs and toes do not. possess that coat uf scales which 

 rand in the pheasant family. Of the grouse family, 

 ', or, hi plain words, the leg, from the knee to the 

 , is feathered, while in the partridge family it is bare. 

 the pheasant family, we have but one species iudlge- 

 s lo this country, Which was the subject of the previous 

 cla, via; "The Wild Turkey," El hv> Journal, 



—A nondescript flat fish, half shark, half ray, eight 

 inches long, five wide, and one and one sixteenth thick, 

 has been found on the Ban rank) (Brazil) coast, among 

 rocks constantly bathed by the sea, It lives on the sea 

 urchins (rr/iiiuilir), attacks them, and breaks off their 

 spines with a bony beak, and when they are disarmed de- 

 vours their flesh among the rocks, securing itself while 

 doing so in a crevice, by means of two strong fins, fortified 

 by bony plates from the shoulders. Its back is rough, aud 

 covered with spines. It appears altogether unknown to 

 science, but as it looks very much like a bat the fishermen 

 call it a sea but. 



■ -*.*. 



— It is announced that Frof. Edward S. Moore, the natu- 

 ralist, of Salem, will sail from San Francisco in March on 

 a trip around tlw world, with the special purpose of ox- 

 amiiiin;; those Japanese and Australasian shells which 

 come within his course of study. He will deliver a course 

 of lectures in San Francisco just before starting. 



— »» 



FOOD OF DOMESTICATED GAME BIRDS. 



Wditefibld ;Hoe9K, Cari.islb, Eng,, I 

 January 1, lFToi f 



rie fowl nud ruffed grouse 

 omlncnt topic, the opinion 

 ■ked. and lie wrote therein 

 essaryto insure their sue- 

 land, and the food 



prai 



Editor Forest anii Stream:— 



When the proposal of imroducin.; '; 

 on a large sculo into this country became a ] 

 of 51 r. Tcgctmcir, of the Loudon Fi/IO, was 

 that it mis utterly hopeless, as It would be |li 

 iii's- lo bring over un immense district of pr 



taining to the siiuie. Though he is a very sound authority and of gi 

 experience in most branches of poultry, I found myself bound, from fre- 

 quent observation, to differ from him, for many reasons. No one can 

 deny that the grout variety of game and other birds which we have sent 

 to Australia and our antipodes have, in the bulk, succeeded beyond ex- 

 pectation. Did they find their native and natural food! Certainly not. 

 On the other hand we see how well parrot*, which are fruit enters, and 

 hundreds of oilier birds, thrive well in cages and menageries in this 

 country on a diet quite new to them. Our pheasants aud bam door 

 fowls, both hens aud ducks, never had the offer of maize till a few years. 

 a™. They now all prefer it, aud they thrive bettor on it than any other 

 grain. Your prairie hen and rutted grouse have many points in common 

 with black game. It is an old botanical axiom that "similar ground af- 

 fords similar plants'' Thus your marshy ground may not produce the 

 identical cranberry as mm, but they both produce plants of the same 

 genus, which would be eaten by both yonr grouse and ours indifferently. 

 Our black cock and gray hen (the female of the same) frequent wild soar 

 grassy pastures, chiefly sheep walks, where there is no or little heather, 

 and abounds most on the fiat land of the Scottish border, where there is 

 nota tree or bush Tor miles,. These noble birds feed chiefly on the 

 seeds of rushes aud coarse grasses, hut as the season advances they take 

 long flights iu search of birch, hazel and alder, the calkins mid buds of 

 which they eat in abundance, .after which cli.inge of diet their flesh ac- 

 quires a strong resinous taste, and becomes unpalatable. The black cock 

 is the wildest and most wary of our British grouse. Till they have at- 

 tained their full plumage and the cocks assume the black feather, (for 

 both cock and hen are brown alike till September), they are the most 

 stupid of birds, -and have to be kicked up. After the. moult they arc 

 very shy, aud only to be got by driving or creeping up to them— what we 

 cull "stalking." 



Mr. P. Castang, of Leaden Hall Market, the well known dealerin 

 phesantsand wild fowl, has frequently obecrvod to me, that the more 

 wild a bird or beast is by nature, the more tame it, is when domesticated, 

 lie is quite right. They have less fear. "Wild as a hawk," is an old 

 expression; yet they sit on a gentleman's wrist. 1 have dozens of pheas- 

 ants which will cat out. of my hand, but not ono of the farm yard hens 

 will. I saw a striking instance a few days since (Dec. 20). I was shaving 

 at my bed-room window, which looks on a lawn where the keeper feeds 

 the poultry, and there were among them some thirty or forty pheasants 

 from the, neighboring wood. There was a foot of snow ou the ground, 

 new fallen, and I was watching the peculiar appearance of the pheasants, 

 as they were more than belly deep, and their long tails trailed on the sur- 

 face of the snow. One very black looking bird I could not make out. 

 The pheasants pecked at it, and it came right, to the house and sat on the 

 kitchen door step. It was a splendid black cock. I shouted for the 

 house maid to feed it, and having no corn at hand, she gave it some 

 bread and butter and a lump of cold beef which it ate heartily. I then 

 learned that a gamekeeper on the adjoining estate had set, a hen with a 

 few eggs which had been sent him from Scotlaud. Only Ave hatched. 

 The foster moiher and the chicks, when about half grown, were set in a 

 coop on the edge or a heathery mountain. A young horse knocked over 

 the coop, which killed the hen and three chicks. Two survived, but 

 could not forgot the death of their roster parent, and being attracted no 

 doubt by a similar note to that they had been used to, they deserted the 

 mountain and came down and joimd the fowls of a cottager, where they 

 have remained ever since. They generally set, when not feeding, ou the 

 house top, and as it is on a much frequented public road, to the wonder 

 of passers by, most of whom take them for some fancy fowl. They have 

 already Usurped the functions of the lawful chanticleer, and when the 

 time comes for heua to set we expect curious results. I went (ho next 

 day to see them, and while warming myself at the cottage Are, one of the 

 birds came into the porch and fed out of a dish with two kittens. The 

 old woman said they eat anything with apparent indifference, bnt had 

 maize given them once a day along with the hens. 1 have no doubt that 

 your prairie hen, &c. might be reared with equal ease and success. 



Jackson Gillbanks. 

 -»•■*» 



THE TWI N LAK E TROUT. 



Y PuiLAnELriiiA, January 13, 1875. 



Editor Foeest asb Stream:— 



The trout of Twin Lake in the South Park, Colorado, is not the blue 

 back of tho Itangely Lake, Me., but a very distinct fish, the Salmo 

 pleuritieui, which occurs in nearly all the streams which head in the 

 Rocky Mountains, A larger and finer trout— the Satmo filrilunis— co- 

 exists with it in some of Ihe heads of the Rio Grande, while it is re- 

 placed in Utah Lake by the Satmo virginalu, of which Dr. Yarrow has 

 written an interesting account in your paper. See note on page 310 of 

 your last;issue. Yours very iruly, E. n, Corn. 



■♦»*" • 



CENTRAL PARK MENAGERIE. 



DBPAKTMEN' 



pPob 



Parks, I 



Nkw York, Jan. 17, 1875. f 



Animals received at Centra' Park Menagerie for the week ending 

 January 16th, 1875:— 



One Loon, Colymbus torqiiatus. Presented by Jits, Mary L. Bell, 

 Captured at South Amboy, N. J. 



One Gray Squirrel,. Sclitrits carolimnsis. Presented by Master G. K, 

 Hurroim, Jr. 



Oue Coatimundi, Namia narica. Presented by Dr. J. B. M. Lordly. 



One Red Squirrel, Seiurus hudsonius. Presented by Master J. F, 

 Webber. 



One small Alligator. Presented by Mr. Geo. M. Ashley. 



_^ ^' - ■*■• CONBXIN. 



To Trap Foxes.— The Fanciers' Journal contains the 

 following recipe for trapping foxos:—- 



"Sei a steel trap in a woodehuek liolo, having (he trap 

 nicely covered with glavel, leaves, etc., lo make the place 

 look natural. Put the bait inside, of the hole, so that tho 

 Idv will have to pagfl oyer the (rap fo get ft." 



Xht Mmnel. 



CAR E OF D OGS. 



New Haven, Jan. 9, 1875. 

 BniTOR Forest ano Stream:— 



J notice in your paper of the. 7th instant an article n,feiahig to cporte- 

 men traveling on the cues with their dogs; am glad you have taken the 

 subject up; hope you will push the matter and have the railroad mon- 

 Sgers put some kind of a InrllT on dogs. 1 went into the western part ,,f 

 Iowa last Summer and It cost me over $30 to get my dog not there and 

 back. Xow where dtd that money go to! To Iho railroads' Xo; every 

 cent went to the baggage masters, aud I had to reed and waiter my dog 

 myself. They would not do it, because they claimed they did not have 

 time. It. W. A. 



It is always understood, we believe, that dog fees arc tho 

 perquisites of baggage masters; and sportsmen, so far as 

 we knew, have paid them most cheerfully. Railway 

 officials have tacitly permitted baggage masters to receive 

 these perquisites, as the companies are thereby relieved of 

 both responsibility and care of the animals. All that sports- 

 men have asked has been the assurance that their dogs 

 will be well cared for in consideration of the money 

 paid. But this is not enough. "VVe are striving to accomp- 

 lish two things — first to have a regular tariff for dog fares, 

 that gentlemen may know exactly what they are to pay; 

 and seeond, to have provision made for the comfort of the 

 dogs and proper quarters assigned them, that they may 

 know who is to be held responsible for their neglect. As 

 the dog would occupy an anomalous and intermediate po- 

 sition between persons and cattle, it would cheerfully be 

 agreed to by the sportsmen that companies should not be 

 held responsible in fancy prices for the accidental death or 

 maiming of the dogs, although damages might reasonably 

 be recovered for wilful neglect as to food, water, and shelter 

 from heat or cold. 



The value of this kind of property has increased within 

 the past two years to a very large sum, and measurably by 

 the importation of dogs at a valuation of $200 to $1,000 

 per head. Surely, owners must be respected in this prop- 

 erty and in the right that ought legally to pertain to it. In 

 a very short time, if not now, this growing interest, and 

 the multiplication of sportsmen, will compel recognition. 

 By taking the subject into immediate consideration, railway 

 companies will not only avoid censure but receive an in- 

 come that will form no inconsiderable item of their 

 revenue. 



The Detiioit Dog Snow. — At the Union Exposition, 

 under the auspices of the Michigan Poultry Association, 

 which closed to-day in Detroit, one of the most interesting- 

 features was the Dog Show; about twenty-five species 

 shown, with 120 entries. This being the first Dog Show in 

 the State, the Michigandcrs took quite an interest in it, 

 making it a decided success. The other attractions con- 

 sisted of about 400 coops, poultry and pigeons; the Horti- 

 culture and Agriculture Departments; the Fish Department 

 being represented by aquariums of N. W. Clark. 

 . <•**- • 



— A correspondent writes to inform us' that the Central 

 Railroad of Iowa, which runs north and south through the 

 "best chicken grounds of the West," and has its head- 

 quarters at Marshalltown , is accustomed to extend all pos- 

 sible facilities to sportsmen who travel that way, and lake 

 good care of their dogs. Marshalltown is noted for its fino 

 field shots and splendid pointers and setters. The sports- 

 men there are about, organizing a strong hunting club for 

 active work in that section. 



— Almost every one who ever had a bright dog can tell 

 curious stories of dog behavior. A gentleman in Erie; 

 Pa., furnishes the Observer Ihis funny anecdote: ''Mrs. J. 

 has for some time past been the owner of a fine Esquimau 

 dog. A few months ago Mrs. J. became the mother of a 

 beautiful little girl, of whom the dog at first was very jeal- 

 ous. His better nature, however, soon asserted itself, and 

 he became very fond of the child. A few w f eeks ago bahy 

 was crying loud and long. Doggie came up stairs in evi- 

 dent distress of spirit, whined in answer to the child's cry; 

 but finally, as if a sudden thought had startled him, trot- 

 ted quickly down stairs. He presently returned with a 

 bone, well picked, of course, in his mouth, which, stand- 

 ing on his hind legs, he gravely presented to the baby." 



•+•■+ — — — ■ 



BosTox, January 9, 1875. 

 EiitTOR Forest and Stream:— 



1 promised some time since, Mr. Adams consenting, to send you the 

 pedigrees and some account of the splendid brace of setters imported by 

 him Mr. Llewellyn, itock has not yet arrived, and it will be advisable to 

 delay giving a description af him at present. His breeding and perform- 

 ances arc first, class, and it is sincerely lo be hoped that no accident has 

 happened to this splendid dog, destined to be, in my opinion, the great- 

 est acquisition lo onr means of improving our breed or setters. It may 

 not be out of place to say here that whatever may be the opinions of our 

 sportsmen as to the merits of the late dog controversy, the propribly of 

 bringing it before the public, and the courtesy, or want of it. with which 

 it was eouducted, that It is generally admitted by gentlianen who have 

 had the opportunity to examine Mr. Llewellyn's superb kennel, that it is 

 difficult, if not impossible, to find in England another that can turn out 

 fifty to one hundred as line dogs as his. It is not to he supposed that his 

 are the only good dogs In the kingdom; but it Is sullicient for our pur- 

 pose that they are first class of their kind, and bred with great care and 

 without regard to expense. Dora, whose pedigree I now inclose, i 



Ad: 



ported from Mr. Llewellyn by M 

 Prince, a dog so well known as not to r 

 to state that unless some recent change 

 chased from Mr. Llewellyn except ai a i 

 On the 88d of May Dora had nine paps. 

 having gone as far West as Missouri am 

 their stock in due time. Mr. Adams ha 

 and one may travel (ar in this country t. 

 though for several years past withdrawn 

 hunts and points beautifully, oud has a 

 lop, which must be seen to be apprecia 

 handsome, has a soft and full eye, and 

 here altogetlier Ihe best birch iu Ihe, 

 that Mr. Smith's Dart, whose pedigrfl' 

 of her by Prince, and must bo a good 

 rpTlVfil, 1 will write at t'oluH': 1 



May, 187!, iu whelp to 

 further notice here exeopt 

 \ urred lie is not to bo pnr- 

 lat would appear fabulous, 

 e are now scattered, some 

 where we hope to hoar of 

 veil two— Duke and Don- 

 heir equals. Bora hcrsoir, 

 me Held for breeding, still 

 iar, light, and graceful gal- 

 iho is remarkably line and 

 isidered by our sportsmen 

 I pail-. Your readers will notice 

 you gave some weeks since, is out 

 ■ 'I | hoping for his safe 

 ItNPKt' Grip. 



