FOREST AND STREAM. 



389 



Does With Horns. — We clip the following paragraph 

 from the Manistee, (Michigan) KmM. It is the fourth in- 

 iffiBttce of like character that has com? within our notice 

 within a month— two from Canada, one from Minnesota, 

 and this, Evidently the occurrence is so common a? to he 

 no more regarded as a phenomenon: — 



"Mr. Sam. Kecler, of Wexford, killed a deer a few days 

 ago which is a natural curiosity. It was a doe, and had as 

 prelly a pair of horns (about a* foot long, with three prongs) 

 as we ever saw. It was brought down hen: hy a gentle- 

 man, and sold to Otto Bauinan, Mr. Ed. Wheeler purchas- 

 ing the. horns. 



-♦«♦ 



Wonuim, Mass., January, 1S75. 

 Editor FoRB£T and SjTiDJAlWi— 



in regard to your Inquiry lift information of anllcrcd docs in your Is- 

 sue nf Dec. tn'li, 1S7I. 1 would say. that id a seven years' experience in 

 Maine, spent lilting the. hunting seasons in the woods' hunting and trap- 



, C hi Br BttW or lie»Hl Ol an untlered red doe, or cow moose. With 

 l lie woodland cariboo It la diffehsht. The cow oftoa ha» horns, but they 

 jioiiot as Isrge or as thick as the males. They are ofion found with 

 mere spiki 8, as [I ware, mi OB each aMo, us on a bull. We. killed a now 



fibonoi !;! ii I - u;i-i.. ■■ x Winter* nso. thai had qullc. large horns, 

 with three prong* on each Horn. This horn business is very uncertain. 

 Knrjn.uiiir: I leu e known of bull moose and cariboo being killed in 

 April with full grown horns, whereas it is generally supposed they are 

 Mien without them. The first of July 1 have known of bull moose being 

 killed with full grown horns. 



In icgard to their shedding their horns., it depends very mnch on the 

 condition of the animal!?, if (hey are fat, they shed early, if lean, they 

 stay on longer. In Maine the cariboo are very plentiful, and mnnyBrc 

 killed every year. Last month there were a number killed bat, a short 

 distance from the Forks of die Kennebec, and it was my good fortune to 

 be there. For me, there Is no wild meat so good aa a fat cariboo. Juicier 

 mill u uiderer than deer or moose, there is a peculiar flavor, richer by far 

 (ban cither the others. 1 was informed that thero were some fifteen or 

 twenty cariboo killed this Fall around the Bald Mountains, in the vicin- 

 ity of the Forks, where they go to feed on the moss. My experience is 

 Ihut cariboo, as well as moose and deer, are muoh pleutier now than seven 



WORMS IN DEER'S LIVERS. 



EUITOR FOBEST AND STREAM:— 



Your correspondent, J. H. Batty, 

 leccli-like worms" which he found i 

 veenber and December last, 

 of the doe was wanting." 1 

 does not exist in all the mai 

 The liver worms referred t 

 quite common in the deer. They a 

 arc known 



Hochbster, January 15, 1875. 



yon an account of some "oval, 

 i vers of two deer, killed in No- 

 remarks, incidentally, that "the gall 

 be worth stating that the gall bladder 

 and that it is absent in the ccrvida:. 

 as staled in your editorial comments, 

 i found also In other animals, and 

 the liver iluke -Faectaftl liepntica. or I»»(owa he.pn.lka of 

 flukes sometimes exist in great numbers, and have 

 proved very destructive to sheep, causing the disease known as the rot. 

 1 l.avr often found them in ihe livers of deer, without appearing to affect 

 the condition or the animal. They are sometimes encysted, and again 

 pnrlionsof the liver are softened and broken down by their presence. 



The history of this parasite is supposed to be as follows: The liver 

 filikuia the sexually mature animal, lis eggs contain embryos, wblcb, 

 after escaping rrom the deer, undergo several transformations, and be- 

 come at length I 'ereorta , or minute animals with a tail. The drama is 

 aquatic, and may be taken into tho stomach of the deer while drinking 

 or feeding upon'aquatic vegetation. Finding its way into the liver, the 

 Cercnria changes into the large, Hat, oval, tailless fluke. 



The parasites referred to as existing in thenasal sinuses of deer are the 

 lame of an iusecl. analogous to the hot, which make their temporary so- 

 journ in these cavities. The..: larva; are also found in sheep. It is quite 

 : - the deer by the odor of the 

 \Y. \Y. E. 



i nip tollable that they should be. disturbed in 

 foot glands, as supposed by "old hunters." 



WATER TURKEYS. 



Editor Forest and Stream :— 



In the issue of December 31st, 1874, "0. F. T.'s" question, "Will you 

 he kind euongh to give me a description or a Florida Water Turkey, that 

 I see frequently spoken of in Forest and Stream!" is answered hy a 

 description of the aubinga, f lotus anhinga, having the local names of 

 "snakebird," "darter," &c. Allow me. to add that the Florida cormorant 

 — Oiaculus Floridumts—is also known by the local name of "water 

 turkey," and is more abundant than the anhinga. In some parts of 

 Florida the cormorants are commonly called "nigger geese," as well as 

 •'Water turkeys." The Florida cormorant differs materially from the an- 

 hinga, as is apparent to the most casual observer, except that it be only 

 at it distance that one sees them, when their mode of flight and general 

 resemblance to each other in rorm and habits is snch as to account for 

 their receiving the same local name. The Florida cormorant is thii ty 

 iucltin in length; extent of wings, nearly four feet: three und ono-half 

 pounds weight; plumage, dark, glossy green, except the wings and tail, 

 which urc brownisn olack; hill, stoul, dark colored and hooked; gular 

 sac, reddish orange; feet nearly black, and eyes bright green. Tho an- 

 t.iug.i i- three feet in length; extent of wings, less than four feet; about 

 three pounds weight; plumage or neck anil body, graen, with prominent 

 while, markings on back and wings; head and neck much resembling the 

 heron's; bill rather slender and pointed; yellow feet and bill; gulnr sac, 

 orange; eyes, carmine. Tho neck and breast of the female is of a light 

 blown color. These gcueral descriptions, which are short and easily 

 fern pared, exhibit the most marked differences between two birds which 

 near Ihe same local name. If one wishes to procure "water turkeys" 

 in Florida, he will Hud U easier to obtain a half dozen cormorants than a 

 single, anhinga, as the former are less wary and much more numerous 

 than the latter. Roamek. 



•+++■ 



Boston, Mass., Jannary, 1875. 

 Editor Forest and Stream:— 



lladyourcorrespoudent "ltoamer" been with me upon the shores of 

 Muganlic Lake, Canada, some two years since, he would have sccn;an 

 eagle, and a white-headed one. too, capture its prey with all the grace, 

 skill, and activity one could wish for. For although it is true that the 

 bald eagle is something of a tyrant— and show me power and daring that, 

 is wholly free from tyranny— yet when occasion demands he will put 

 forth such skill and strength that cannot help but command admiration. 



It was a perfect day, and while onr party of three were resting upon 

 the shore of the above mentioned lake, preparatory to crossing it and 

 penetrating it deeper into the wilderness, we were the silent spectators 

 of a scene I shitl! never forget. Suddcnlylfrom out tho forest rises a 

 bird, winch, from the size and flight, we know to be an eagle— a perfect 

 specimen, the white head and tall characterizing the species. Sailing 

 high over the surface of the lake, he comes now so near we can see the 

 flash orhis eye, aud now again, "with speed outvying even the tem- 

 pests themselves," he darts almost from our vision. To and fro over a 

 distant cove lit soars, lill Anally catching the flush of some silver-sided 

 Hah below, lie hovers on Quivering pinion o'er his victim of the deep; 

 bul only for an instant; then, like the flash or a meteor, so swift (he eye 

 con scarcely follow the rorm, he descends from the vast height at which 

 he soars, mid dashing the surface into a ctoudof spray, rises from out tho 

 foam, Sfpti however, in vain is that skill and speed exerted, for as wo 

 can plainly sec, he holds in those powerful talons a good-sized Ush . 

 Lighting npou a tall, leafless tree that commands on extensive view, he 

 sends forth such screams as along the loop am rival. I can; .assure you 



the movements of this bird were anything but awkward or slow. Who 

 has ever read that description of Andubon, I think, of the capture of a 

 swan by a pair of bald eagles, andean yet call this bird devoid of skill, 

 daring, or activity* I think your correspondent wrong in his statement 

 that the eagle Hill not capture live food if ho can find dead. For it is 

 only when he cannot capture live prey that lie will feed upon another's 

 spoils, and it is only when driven to ihe last stages of hunger that he will 

 satiate himself with carrion. 



Birds of prey, and especially eagles, have ever hecu my admiration and 

 study, I have had various kinds of hawks aud owls in captivity, and ill 

 different stages of domestication, from a cooper's hawk that would slrike 

 every time, being flown from my hand, a mouse or rat let from the trap; 

 also sure death lonll onr chicks, if let loose to that eagle or the night, the 

 great horned owl. I now have alive a couple of eagles, both mature und 

 perfect specimens. Ono is a bald eagle, full seven feet In alar extent, the 

 other a magnificent specimen of the. golden eagle, with wings nearly eight 

 feel from tip to lip. And they can, single handed, master and kill in a 

 very short lime, the largest Thomas cat my friends can pit against them. 



P. S.— As an item of interest, I would say that I have a white crow, 

 monntnd and ingood order in my cabinet. It is a perfect albino in every 

 respect. 



CURE FOR RATTLESNAKE BITES. 



A valued correspondent has sent us the following mem- 

 orandum of a oure of rattlesnake bite, from Dr. James 

 Thaokcr's Military Journal during the Revolutionary War: 



"Soon after my arrival here, a soldier had tho imprudence to seize a 

 rattlesnake by the tail. The reptile threw Us head back and stuck its 

 fangs into the man's hand. In a fewsiomcntsa swelling commenced, 

 attended with severe pain. It was not more than half an hour when Ids 



natural size, and tin 

 one side, soon becann 

 tomach ensued. Tin 



•hole arm to his shoulde 

 skin became of deep orange color. Ills bodj 

 affected in a similar manner, and a nausea at 

 poor man was greatly and justly alarmed; his situation was very critical. 

 Two medical men beside, myself were in close attendance for several 

 hours. Having procured a quantity of olive oil, we directed the patient 

 to swallow it in large and repealed doses, until he had taken one quart, 

 and at the same lime we rubbed into the affected limb a very large quan- 

 tity of mercurial ointment, lu about two hours we had tho satisfaction 

 to perceive the favorable effects of the remedies. The alarming s> mp- 

 toms abated, the swelling and pain gradually subsided, and in about 

 forty-tight hours be was happily restored to health." 



CENTRAL, P ARK M ENAGERIE. 



Department op Puni.to Parks, I 

 New York. Jan. 24, 1875. f 



Animals received at Central park Menagerie for the week ending 

 January 2:ld, 1875:— 

 Three "Lions, two maloa and one female. Bred in the menagerie. 

 One Opossum, Videlphys tirglniana. Presented by E. F. Hoffman, 



M.D. W. A. C'ONKLIN. 



Woodland, Kawn and (fanrdm. 



TREATMENT OF SOILS. 



A FEW words about the treatment of land, although a 

 January article will not be found out of place in tho 

 coming Spring months. When land has been found in 

 good condition, we have had little trouble to keep it so by 

 judicious management, without the use of a large quantity 

 of manure. If, however, you have good manure, or can 

 obtain it easily, nothing as a stimulant should be substitu- 

 ted for it. There may arise cases when it would be difficult 

 to procure manure, and for a time it may even be quite 

 necessary to do without it, and to use a rotation of crops 

 as one of the means of fertilizing the soil. It is a well 

 known agricultural fact, that clover, turnips, cabbages, ele., 

 draw their nourishment in no small degree from the air, 

 while cereals aud corn exhaust the soil upon which in the 

 main they depend for support. Clover should always be 

 followed by a crop of cereals, and this plan alternated year 

 by year. 



We generally find that soils which Lave been top-dressed 

 with manure, or treated with plaster, are overrun with a 

 dense mass of roots, grass, and weeds. Corn and grain 



frow well upon this soil, and potatoes remarkably well. 

 'o have good crops upon such land, your best way is to 

 plow deep, and give it a moderate dressing of wood agjjes, 

 plaster of Paris,"or lime, either of which will improve it. 

 This admixture shouldbe spread over tho plowed field and 

 harrowed in ; and the whole roiled in carefully. You may 

 plant this with corn, sowing the furrows with superphos- 

 phate of lime or ashes. After this crop you can safely sow 

 your land with wheat, oats, clover seed, red top, timothy, 

 or other field grasses, which will give you good remunera- 

 tive crops. When tho second cut, or rowen, is light, it 

 should be left as a fertilizer upon the ground, and will be 

 found as valuable as a thin top-dressing of ashes or ma- 

 nure. It will be found that, salt added to grass lands in 

 small quantities, when united with well rotted manure, 

 and also clay and sand in small quantities, are beneficial ; 

 they readily commingle with the soil and render the same 

 capable of bearing first rate crops, especially of grass and 

 clover. Such lands require, in a greater orlesser degree, 

 muck, nicely pulverized. Thi3 treatment will be found 

 beneficial to almost any soil. Prepared muck with freshly 

 added clay is to be used when it can be readily obtained. 

 Almost any of the good fertilizers will give good results 

 upon such lands. We have made many experiments with 

 what are called phosphates and fertilizers, preventives of 

 insect depredation, and the like. After a close study and 

 use of these " aids to agriculture" for fifteen years, we 

 cannot recommend more than half a dozen that can be 

 used and depended upon as coming up to the claims sel 

 forth for them. We are not inclined to introduce or rec- 

 ommend anything that we believe to be worthless, or not 

 perfectly reliable. 



In all meadow lauds of a cold, clayey character, you 

 need not use this muck dressing; hut should place sand 

 and ashes, or even fine gravelly soil upon the land, which 

 1 have seen used with good results. Anything that opens 

 the clayey, damp soil to the air will be found a fertilizer, 

 as it changes the character of meadow lands very consid- 

 erably. When good drainage can be had it should never 

 he omitted, as this alone will often change the character of 

 the future grasses. 



The reverse treatment for air soils which present open 

 granules of sand should be given. In such places I have 

 recommended the free use of meadow soil, aud oven coal 

 ashes, with good advantage.- To a certain extent, coal 

 ashes have a fertilizing quality, for there is a place for every- 

 thing created. In aHi-iises p( mixed soils, remember that 



the most thorough working of them is an absolute neces- 

 sity. Would yon enhance the probability of a good crop 

 of cranberries' on your old meadow, put on tho loose, re- 

 fuse sand, and take your surplus brush trimmings, old 

 shavings, and the debris of all your farm, burn them, and 

 stir the ashes and sand in and well incorporate Ihe same. 

 Lei your neighbors laugh if they will. What is that to 

 you? Let him who wins laugh, and while you are adding 

 to your old meadow by this "treatment you are giving ali- 

 ments and nitrogen to'your soils, without which" no crops 

 arc perfected, and no plants grow. Olltpod Qrriu.. 



ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS. 



J. H., Paris,' Maine. —I carefully examined many varie- 

 ties of the hollyhock plant during 1873, and found 

 no indications of fungi or unhealthincsR. I do not think 

 we have reason to fear the development of a fungus known 

 in England as Pticem'u mnhacearum. We do not think this 

 disease, if a disease it be, is communicable to a great ex- 

 tent, as supposed to be by certain of our correspondents, 

 who say it was first observed at Bordeaux, Fiance, April, 

 1873. 'It was seen," so says a correspondent, "in Ger- 

 many in October. As far as we can learn, this fungi only 

 appeared upon badly fertilized plants. We shall give it 

 future consideration." 



A New Jersey Farmer.— Tho package of earth sent 

 I find to be what is called "groou sand marl." It may be 

 used to advantage upon your ground; put from four lo six 

 tons of it upon an acre of land. Add to one Ion of 

 marl two bushels of air-slacked lime. Mix when you 

 haul out your marl. A better fertilizer than any you can 

 find is Gould's fertilizer. A single one fourth of a shovel 

 ful placed in the hill will give you potatoes free from 

 worms, and as many in a hill 113 will satisfy any reasonable 

 man. It will be found the cheapest manure you can use. 



.1. Bai.laisd, Richmond, Indiana. — Your lands are like 

 large Intel a found in the northeast part of your State, called 

 "sandy uplands," This land can be improved and made 

 valuable for ihe future. Plant your spare land with the 

 different seeds of the pine, oak, hemlock, and olber forest 

 trees. If the soil be ever so sandy they will grow these 

 seeds. Unless this land is very poor indeed, it can be made % 

 to grow good clover when cleaned of the little pines you 

 speak of. The location being not over forty miles from a 

 largo city, seems to me to he a consideration not to be lost 

 sight of. Any other information relative to this subject 

 will be given cm application by letter. 



J. M. P., Islip, L. I.— "What fertilizer is the best for 

 growing a good crop of potatoes, and how shall I use it?" 

 There are three or four good fertilizers which I have suc- 

 cessfully used and can recommend. I have used Gould's 

 fertilizer for fourteen years, and consider it one of the best, 

 if not the best, to b« had. It costs about $00 per ion. 



Ollipod Quill. 



fghe ^mnel. 



COMFORT FOR DOGS— "WE HAVE SE- 

 CURED IT. 



Now let every sportsman and owner of fine hunting 

 dogs thank the Forest and Stbeam for its persistent 

 endeavors to secure a recognition of canine rights, and 

 congratulate themselves and us upon our complete success. 

 The Missouri, Kansas and Texas Hailway Company, al- 

 ways regardful of the comfort of sportsmen and their 

 dogs, have taken the Initiative in establishing a regular 

 tariff of fares for dogs over their route from Hannibal, 

 Mo., to Denison, Texas, as will be seen by tho schedule 

 herewith appended. This example will be followed with- 

 out delay by the Pennsylvania Railway Company, who 

 control tho routes from New York to Chicago, and a 

 schedule will be issued shortly. This statement is based 

 on private information from official sources. Tho link 

 between Chicago aud Llannibai will doubtless be filled by 

 theC. B. and Quincy Company ,Jand.thenJthere will be a con- 

 tinuous dog route to Texas, over which sportsmen can 

 transport their animals for a sum not to exceed $15, which 

 will not be considered excessive by gentlemen of means. 

 At afl events, the safety, comfort, and attendance thus se- 

 cured is worth vastly more, as any thorough sportsman 

 will admit. Full information regarding the new arrange- 

 ments will be found in the accompanying letter* and 

 schedule :— 



HED.ii.tA, Mo., January 22d, 1875. 

 Editor Forest and strean:— 



Communications from varimiR sportsmen on the subject of the trans- 

 portation ot dogs have from time to time been observed in the columns 

 of Forest and Stream, and \vu have taken considerable interest in the 

 matter. We have always endeavored 1.0 offer acL-ommodai ions and make 

 intes that would meet the wantB of sportsmen, as well as satisfy and 

 please them. \ye shall on the first proximo revise our rates, making 

 them still more liberal, and, thinking it might be of interest to the fra- 

 ternity, t enclose you a printed copy of them, To any sportsman antici- 

 pating a trip out our way, we shall be pleased to mail copies free of 

 charge, accompanied by maps, printed rates of fare, etc. I would also 

 further state that our baggage men are instructed to treat dogs kindly, 

 and to use every precaution iu handling guns. For the transportation of 

 the latter we make no charge. Tours truly and fraternally. 



James D. Brown, General Ticket, Agent. 



MISSOURI, KANSAS AND TEXAS RAILWAY. 

 The following tariff will be collected by train baggage men on oil dogs 

 and other live animals:— 



Iluuulhal 10 Dcni-on. no miles $-1 STi 



Hannibal to Seda'.ia. 1-1:1 miles 1 110 



Srdulin to l':u>o„-. |;„s miles 1 25 



Parsons to Junction! Ity. 1SB miles I ■■::, 



hr., i,«.i-t,& t ,iir,mi|f< 100 ; 



l-nr-.u- i.> .S..HIU ■■i.iuuliiili. 1-VJ 1 M) 



McAlisler. i;i. mil-- I till 



l'ars 

 Pdni 



..loo. SMI ,„.;,.. I rf, 



Parsons to I)ciii«..u. ••;:( miles...- •} 00 



Vinita to DenLson, 82] miles ITS 



One cent per mile will he collected between nil Intermediate points. 

 No collection made less than twenty -five cenis. To take effect February 

 1st, 1870. Tnos. DoRWttj, (Jen. Passenger Agent. 



Approved : 



£'. JJ, CRArrax, Gen. Superintendent. 



Jon, jf CURisr, Gen, Baggage Agent, 



