vA ix 
CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE GRAY HERBARIUM OF HARVARD 
UNIVERSITY.— NEW SERIES, No. LI. 
I. NOTES ON THE SYSTEMATIC POSITION OF 
CLIBADIUM, WITH DESCRIPTIONS 
OF SOME NEW SPECIES. 
By S. F. Buake. 
Tue genus Clibadium L. of the helianthoid Compositae is placed 
by Bentham & Hooker and by Hoffmann at the end of the subtribe 
Millerinae, separated only by the not at all closely related Sheareria 
from the genus Ichthyothere Mart. of the M elampodinae. A recent 
investigation of the species of Clibadium has made the writer very 
doubtful of the propriety of this arrangement. When all the char- 
acters of the two genera are taken into consideration, there seems 
no room for doubt that Clibadium and Ichthyothere are much too 
closely related for reference to different subtribes, as was indeed 
long ago indicated by Bentham’s hesitation (Gen. Pl. ii. 346) in 
fixing on the affinity of a still unpublished plant of Spruce’s, finally 
referred by him to Clibadium, where there can be no doubt that it 
properly belongs (see C. Sprucet below). 
The subtribe Millerinae differs from the Melampodinae in but 
two definite characters — the absence of pales on the disk, and the 
few(less than 10)-flowered heads —in both of which features 
Clibadium forms, at least as to some of its species, an exception to 
all the other genera of the Mullerinae, and agrees with the Melam- 
podinae. In the recent revision by O. E. Schulz (Bot. Jahrb. xlvi. 
613-629 (1912)) Clibadium is divided into two sections — Eucli- 
badium DC.., with receptacle naked in the middle and sterile ovaries 
villous throughout, and Trixidium DC., with receptacle paleaceous 
throughout and sterile ovaries pilose only at apex. It might at 
first appear that the genus could be divided into two on these char- 
acters, the one genus (De Candolle’s sect. Euclibadium) being re- 
ferred to the Millerinae, where its many-flowered heads would still 
render it exceptional, the other (De Candolle’s sect. Trixidium) 
referred to the Melampodinae next to I chthyothere. But the very 
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