30 Contributions from the Gray Herbarium 
The pales of Viguiera are normal for the Verbesininae, being 
firm, subindurated or subscarious, nerved, usually acute and entire, 
sometimes 3-toothed at apex, and apparently always persist on the 
receptacle after the achenes have fallen. 
Corollas. With a single apparent exception, V. discoidea, all the 
species of Viguiera have heterogamous flower-heads, with neutral 
ligulate ray-florets and fertile tubular disk-florets. With the excep- 
tion of a form of V. tenuis, in which they are white, and of V. 
Parkinsonii, in which they are sometimes brownish-purple, the 
rays are invariably yellow, as are the disk-corollas except in V. 
simsioides, V. Parkinsonii, and a few other species, in which they 
are either purplish from the start or become so in age by a change 
from the normal yellow of the genus. The ligules are oval or ob- 
long, 2—3-denticulate or subentire, and almost invariably neutral; 
in a very few cases I have found infertile styles on the rays, but 
this condition is due entirely to individual variation, is never con- 
stant in any species, and is evidently reversionary. The disk- 
corollas have a usually short proper tube, sometimes obscure and 
ampliated downward so as to cap the achene, a longer usually 
cylindric throat, and a 5-toothed limb; the throat has the normal 
nervation, of five nerves lying in the sinus and joined at apex by @ 
submarginal nerve bordering the teeth of the limb. Both the disk- , 
corollas and the dorsal surface of the rays are almost invariably _ 
pubescent. Where not otherwise specified in the descriptions, the — 
color of the flowers is yellow. '* 
Androecium. The androecium of Viguiera, of the usual five CoD” 
nate anthers with blackish pollen-sacs, mostly ovate terminal ap- a 
pendages, and sagittate or cordate-sagittate bases, differs in D0 ‘ ; 
way from that of various related genera. > 
Gynoecium. The style of the disk-florets bears two usually long . 
and slender more or less recurved arms, the stigmatic lines exten® — 
ing to the base of the shorter or longer hispidulous and triangular 2 
terminal appendage, which is hispid dorsally like the upper portio® 
of the back of the stigmatiferous area. There seems to be no varia 
tion of significance in the genus in this regard. : 
Achenes and Pappus. (See t. 3. f. 1-1-18.) The achene of 
Viguiera is ordinarily obovate-oblong, distinctly thickened with 
rounded or medially somewhat angled sides, and is more or © — 
appressed-pubescent. In about twenty species formerly included : 




