62 Contributions from the Gray Herbarium 
base, narrowed to a callous-mucronate tip. Rays 6-12 mm. long, 
1.6-5 mm. broad; disk-corollas hispidulous, 6 mm. long (tube 
1.8 mm.). Pales canescent-strigillose near the obtusish apex, 10.5 
mm. long. Achenes subsilky-pubescent, 5.5 mm. long. Awns 
somewhat flattened, 4 mm. long; squamellae 6-8, nearly free or 
firmly coherent to above the middle, laciniate-fimbriate, 1.5 mm. 
long; pappus strongly persistent.— Greenm.! Proc. Am. Acad. 
xxxix. 105 (1903). — MEXICO: Duraneo: city of Durango and 
vicinity, Apr._Nov. 1896, Palmer 816 (TypE couL.: G., K., Mo.); 
Otinapa, 25 July—5 Aug. 1906, Palmer 448 (G., U.S.); Santa Cata- 
lina, 2200 m., 2 Sept. 1903, Endlich 89 (Ber.). — The thick woody 
root is used for disorders of the stomach, according to Endlich, and 
the plant is called ‘‘ Plateada ” (silvery). 

Section 2. Chloracra, sect. nov. Herbae vel suffrutices vel 
frutices, foliis sursum saepe alternis saepius ovatis vel lanceolatis 
interdum pinnatilobatis, capitulis mediocribus vel majusculis, in- 
volucri 2—5-seriati phyllariis basi saepe valde induratis ovatis vel 
oblongis vel lanceolatis pallidis costatis et vittatis apice abrupte 
angustatis herbaceis, interdum prorsus subherbaceis basi costatis 
vel subcostatis sed vix induratis, pappo interdum nullo. — Species 
typica V. dentata (Cav.) Spreng. — A group of some 34 species, 
ranging from Nevada and Texas to Guatemala and Honduras, 
divisible into five very natural series. Species 16-49. For key to 
Series, see p. 33. 
Series A. Maculatae, ser. nov. Frutices vel herbae perennes, 
foliis saepe ovatis scabris, capitulis paniculatis mediocribus vel 
majusculis, involucri phyllariis saepe oblongis vel lanceolato- 
oblongis basi induratis costatis vittatis pallido-marginatis ap- 
pendice herbacea saepius brevi triangulari praeditis. — Species 
typica V. maculata (Brandegee) Blake (Encelia maculata Brande- 
gee). — Shrubs or perennial herbs of central and southern Mexico, 
with mostly ovate and scabrous leaves and panicled heads; invol- 
ucre 2-3-seriate, the phyllaries with indurated mostly oblong 
costate and vittate pale-margined base and usually much shorter 
and triangular herbaceous tip, or the latter rarely linear-lanceolate; 
awns of pappus usually strongly paleaceous. Species 16-22. 
