88 The Philippine Journal of Science 1917 



is then allowed to ferment for a period of three days, with oc- 

 casional stirring and turning of the meat to hasten fermenta- 

 tion. After the first fermentation period the meat is ground by 

 means of the iluhan, a crude apparatus consisting of a heavy 

 roller working back and forth over a flat surface, and is then 

 repressed. The process of fermenting and repressing is carried 

 on daily for from five to seven consecutive days. All of the oil 

 obtained from the various pressings of fermented meat is classed 

 as rancid oil for soap making and similar articles. The poonac, 

 or press cake, is used for feeding hogs. 



The edible oil represents about one third of the total oil 

 obtained and is of fair quality, having some fatty acids and a 

 slight burnt taste and odor and not being entirely free from 

 color. It commands a somewhat higher price than does the 

 rancid oil. The latter, besides being rancid, is highly colored and 

 contains a high percentage of free fatty acids. 



Below are given data showing the amounts of oil remaining 

 in the meat after the various pressings, acid contents of oils, 

 and cost and sale prices of the oil at Pagsanjan in September, 

 1915. The labor cost for milling the grated coconut meat is not 

 included in the calculation nor is any value assigned to the press 

 cake, although it still contains about 24 per cent oil. ' These items 

 probably nearly balance under the system used by the Filipinos. 



Table I. — Data on the Filipino process for obtaining oil from the fresh 

 " , coconut. 

 Press cake analysis: 



After 1st expression (unfermented meat) 

 After 2d expression (fermented meat) 

 After 4th expression (fermented meat) 

 After 5th expression (fermented meat) 

 After 7th expression (fermented meat) 

 Acidity of oils (oleic) : 

 Edible oil from evaporated emulsion 

 Rancid oil after 5th expression of rancid meat do. 

 Cost price of oil from 1,000 nuts: 

 Nuts 

 Husking 

 Grating 



Total 

 Selling price of oil from 1,000 nuts: * 

 Edible oil 37.85 liters (10 gallons) 

 Rancid oil 75.70 liters (20 gallons) 



Total do. 30.50 



Net profit from oil from 1,000 nuts do. 7.50 



* One peso Philippine currency equals 100 centavos, equals 50 cents United States currency. 



Oil in 



press cake. 



per cent 



44.18 



do. 



36.68 



do. 



30.68 



do. 



27.69 



do. 



23.90 



do. 



0.6 



at do. 



9.5 



pesos a 



20.00 



do. 



.50 



do. 



2.00-2.50 



do. 



23.00 



do. 



10.50 



do. 



20.00 



