Wells: Destmctive Distillation 



117 



The yields from the destructive distillation of various Philip- 

 pine woods have been tabulated and placed below. All of the 

 calculations are expressed as percentage yields based on the 

 moisture-free wood. The pyroligneous distillate represents the 

 acid liquor free from tars. The percentage gas is taken by 

 difference. 

 Table III. — Percentage yields of various products from Philippine woods. 



Wood. 



3 . 



w 



i 



5 



3 



c 



1 



E 



C m 



gs 

 II 



i 



• c 8 



s 



§ c3 



- 3 as 

 < 



o 

 O d 



■° 5 



3 



2 





39.8 

 36.6 

 35.5 

 34.6 

 39.9 

 32.4 

 39.4 



39.5 

 40.8 

 43.4 

 41 .3 



6.2 

 4.8 

 3.6 



3.4 

 2.6 

 3.9 

 5.7 

 5.5 

 2.7 

 2.9 

 3.4 

 6.9 



5.6 

 2.7 

 3.2 

 2.3 

 2.1 

 1.2 

 2.0 

 2.1 

 3.6 

 1.4 

 1.3 

 1.8 

 3.2 



8 



i.i 



.9 



1.2 



15.1 

 18.8 

 23.4 

 20.0 

 20.3 

 19.7 

 19.1 

 16.0 

 15.1 

 21.2 

 22.9 

 19.0 

 16.2 



32.6 

 33.9 



38.3 



36.6 

 41.7 

 36.8 

 35.7 

 35.2 

 32.1 

 32.4 



.91 

 1.23 

 1.20 

 1.55 



.93 



.74 

 1.61 

 1.36 



.82 

 2.12 

 1.84 

 1.71 

 1.0 



2.92 

 2.90 

 4.70 



4.61 



4.40 

 4.37 

 2.12 

 5.16 

 4.95 

 4.66 

 6.31 



13 

 8 

 8 



8 



8 

 8 

 8 

 8 



8 

 5 







Guijo 



Yacal... 





Ipil ....'. 





Bengiiet pine 



Bacauan 









The pyroligneous distillate as it comes from the retort ranges 

 in color from pale straw, given by palosapis, to a deep brownish 

 red, given by narra. Titrations were made on ten fractions 

 covering the periods of complete runs. The fraction showing the 

 highest percentages of acid varied with the class of wood dis- 

 tilled, but fell between the temperatures 285° and 325° C. Table 

 III gives the yields expressed as 100 per cent acetic acid on dry 

 weight of wood based on a slow or controlled distillation. 

 Bacauan, langarai, and api-api give the highest percentage yields 

 of methyl alcohol and acetic acid. The woods giving the lowest 

 yields are woods known as soft woods and woods containing 

 resin. 



Results obtained in the United States showed 7 yields of acetic 

 acid for maple, beech, and birch (three hardwoods) as high as 

 6.30, 6.28, and 6.96 per cent, respectively, the percentages being 

 based on per-unit weight of the oven-dried wood distilled. It 

 may be that distillation of other classes of Philippine hardwoods 

 will show higher percentage yields than those obtained from 

 the woods already examined. 



' Palmer, loc. cit. 



